Author: Jinfiniti Science

Closeup of holding a cancer patient's hand

NAD and Cancer: What We Know and What We Don’t

Written by Jinfiniti Science on May 15, 2025. Posted in NAD+, Cancer.

Cancer remains one of the most complex challenges in modern medicine. As scientists search for new treatments, one molecule keeps appearing in research: NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

This essential coenzyme plays crucial roles in energy production, DNA repair, and cell survival. But its relationship with cancer is complicated.

Some studies suggest NAD+ could help fight cancer. Others raise concerns about feeding tumor growth. So what should you know about NAD and cancer risk?

Key Takeaways

Scientists can target NAD+ metabolism to starve cancer cells while NAD+ supports your immune system’s natural cancer-fighting abilities.
Studies show NAD+ supplements don’t increase cancer risk in healthy people and may improve overall health and longevity.
Your immune cells need adequate NAD+ levels to effectively hunt down and destroy cancer cells.
If you have active cancer or genetic risk factors, consult your healthcare provider before taking NAD+ supplements.

How NAD+ Works in Your Body

NAD+ is like a cellular currency. Your cells use it for hundreds of different processes every day.

Think of it as fuel for cellular repair and energy production. Without enough NAD+, your cells struggle to function properly.

As you age, your NAD levels naturally decline. By age 50, you might have half the NAD+ you had at 20.

This decline affects everything from energy levels to DNA repair mechanisms. It’s one reason why cancer risk increases with age.

Lower NAD+ levels are also linked to increased inflammation and are often observed in chronic inflammatory conditions¹. Chronic inflammation can promote tumor growth, increase treatment resistance, and suppress your immune system.

Your Immune System and NAD+

Your body’s ability to fight cancer depends heavily on immune cells called CD8+ T cells. These are your cellular warriors that hunt down and destroy cancer cells.

Recent research reveals that NAD+ is essential for these T cells to function properly². Without adequate NAD+, your immune system can’t mount an effective anti-cancer response.

The kynurenine pathway, which produces NAD+, helps maintain T cell fitness in tumor environments. This suggests that supporting NAD+ levels might boost your natural cancer defenses.

Studies show that targeting NAD+ metabolism can improve T cell function and enhance their ability to kill cancer cells³. This creates an interesting paradox in cancer treatment.

Targeting NAD Metabolism in Cancer Treatment

Closeup of woman holding a cancer patient's hand

Cancer cells have a dirty secret. They’re energy hogs that consume massive amounts of NAD+ to fuel their rapid growth.

Scientists have found ways to exploit this weakness. By blocking NAD+ production in cancer cells, they can starve tumors of essential nutrients.

Research shows that targeting key enzymes like NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) can effectively kill cancer cells⁴. When you cut off their NAD+ supply, tumors struggle to repair DNA damage and maintain energy production.

PARP inhibitors represent another promising approach. These drugs block an enzyme that uses NAD+ for DNA repair. Studies demonstrate that PARP inhibitors improve survival rates in certain cancers, especially those with BRCA mutations⁵.

However, these treatments work by depleting NAD+ in cancer cells. This raises important questions about NAD+ supplementation during cancer treatment.

NAD+ Supplements: Are They Safe?

Here’s where things get interesting. Despite concerns about feeding cancer cells, research on NAD+ supplements tells a different story.

Long-term studies in mice found that nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN, a popular NAD+ precursor) didn’t increase cancer risk⁶. In fact, supplemented mice lived longer and healthier lives.

The mice showed improved metabolic health and reduced frailty. No increase in tumor formation was observed over their lifespans.

This suggests that normal NAD+ supplementation doesn’t necessarily fuel cancer growth. The difference might lie in how healthy cells versus cancer cells use NAD+.

Potential Concerns in Cancer Metabolism

female scientist looking through an inverted microscope at cancer cells that have been grown in culture media

Cancer cells are remarkably adaptable. They can sometimes find ways around treatments that target NAD+ metabolism.

Some cancers develop resistance by altering their metabolic pathways⁷. They essentially rewire themselves to survive NAD+ depletion.

For example, cancer cells might inactivate certain enzymes to protect themselves from NAD+ depletion strategies. This can make treatments less effective over time.

There’s also theoretical concern that boosting NAD+ levels could support cancer cell metabolism. Cancer cells have high energy demands and efficient DNA repair mechanisms.

However, cancer biology often defies simple explanations. Some tumors are “cold” – they hide from your immune system with few attacking T cells. Others are “hot” with active immune responses.

Interestingly, increased tumor cell growth can sometimes transform cold tumors into hot ones. This may actually improve your response to chemotherapy and lead to better survival outcomes⁸.

Current research hasn’t shown increased cancer risk from NAD+ supplementation in healthy individuals.

What the Research Shows

Let’s look at what different studies have found about NAD+ and cancer:

Approach	Potential Benefit	Concern/Risk
NAD+ Metabolism Targeting	Inhibits tumor growth and survival	Cancer cell adaptation, therapy resistance
Sirtuin Modulation	May improve health, delay aging	Impact on tumor biology not fully understood
NAD+ Precursor Supplementation	No increased tumor burden in mice	Theoretical risk of supporting tumor metabolism
PARP Inhibitors	Improved survival in DNA repair-deficient cancers	Risk of secondary malignancies
Genetic Factors (e.g., SDHx)	N/A	Increased cancer risk via NAD+ pathway

The data shows a complex picture. NAD+ can both help and hinder cancer depending on the context.

Who Should Be Cautious?

Certain genetic factors can affect how NAD+ impacts cancer risk. Mutations in genes like SDHx can destabilize tumor suppressor proteins like p53⁹.

These genetic changes alter NADH/NAD+ metabolism in ways that may increase cancer risk. If you have a family history of certain cancers, genetic testing might provide useful information.

PARP inhibitor treatments, while beneficial for some cancers, can increase the risk of secondary blood cancers². This risk appears higher in certain genetic backgrounds.

People undergoing cancer treatment should discuss the potential benefits NAD+ supplementation with their oncologist. The timing and type of treatment matter.

What We Still Don’t Know

A woman with short hair contemplating outdoors

Research on NAD+ and cancer is still evolving. Many questions remain unanswered.

We don’t fully understand how different types of cancer respond to NAD+ modulation. Some might be more sensitive than others.

The optimal timing of NAD+ interventions remains unclear. Should you boost NAD+ before, during, or after cancer treatment?

Long-term effects of NAD+ supplementation in cancer survivors need more study. Most research has focused on short-term outcomes.

Individual genetic variations likely affect NAD+ metabolism and cancer risk. Personalized approaches may become important in the future.

The Bottom Line

NAD+ plays a crucial role in both cancer development and treatment. The relationship is nuanced and depends on many factors.

Current evidence suggests that NAD+ supplementation doesn’t increase cancer risk in healthy individuals. Animal studies support this finding.

However, people with active cancer or genetic predispositions should consult healthcare providers before taking NAD+ supplements. Treatment context matters enormously.

The most promising applications involve targeting NAD+ metabolism in cancer cells while supporting immune function. This dual approach may offer the best of both worlds.

As research continues, we’ll likely develop more sophisticated ways to use NAD+ in cancer prevention and treatment. The key is understanding when to boost it and when to block it.

For now, supporting healthy NAD+ levels through lifestyle factors like exercise, sleep, and proper nutrition remains a safe approach for most people. Supplementation can be considered based on individual circumstances and medical guidance.

The future of NAD+ and cancer research looks promising. But like many aspects of cancer biology, the answers are complex and highly individual.

Referenced Sources

A young woman examines her skin in a handheld mirror

Should Women Take NAD+ Supplements?

Written by Jinfiniti Science on May 12, 2025. Posted in NAD+, Infertility, Menopause, NAD, NAD+ Precursors, Skin Health, Supplements.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has become a buzzword in anti-aging and wellness circles.

The essential molecule plays a crucial role in hundreds of metabolic processes throughout your body. But what does it mean specifically for women’s health?

As we age, our NAD+ levels naturally decline. This decrease may contribute to various health challenges women face throughout their lives – from fertility issues to menopausal symptoms and beyond.

Let’s explore what science tells us about NAD+ for women, potential benefits, risks to consider, and who might benefit most from dietary supplements.

Key Takeaways

NAD+ levels naturally decline with age in women, affecting energy, hormones, and cellular health
Supplementation shows strongest evidence for fertility and menopause support, potentially improving egg quality and reducing hot flashes
Test your NAD+ levels first – dosing varies greatly between individuals, and what’s optimal for one person could be ineffective or toxic for another
Timing matters by life stage – perimenopause/menopause may be the most beneficial time to start, while pregnancy requires medical supervision

Why NAD+ Matters for Women’s Health

NAD+ is a coenzyme found in all living cells. Think of it as a tiny helper molecule that works behind the scenes to keep your body running smoothly – like the perfect foundation that balances your skin and creates a flawless canvas without anyone noticing it’s there.

This powerful molecule is involved in:

Cellular energy production

DNA repair

Metabolic regulation

Cellular resilience

Activation of sirtuins (proteins linked to longevity)

For women specifically, NAD+ influences processes affecting hormonal balance, energy metabolism, and cellular health¹ – factors that all impact healthy aging.

Research shows NAD+ levels decline with age in various tissues, including female reproductive organs like the ovaries and uterus.

This decline may contribute to age-related health challenges that uniquely or disproportionately affect women.

Potential Benefits of NAD Supplements for Women

Three smiling women in a sunflower field

Remember how energetic you felt in your twenties? Or how quickly your skin bounced back from a late night? NAD+ plays a role in all of these processes.

Research has found that maintaining healthy NAD+ levels can potentially benefit women’s health in several areas.

1. Fertility and Reproductive Health

NAD+ shows clear benefits for women’s fertility and reproductive health.

Studies show that NAD+ levels in oocytes (eggs) decline with age. A study in Cell Reports found that restoring NAD+ using precursors like nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) can improve egg quality, increase ovulation rates, and boost fertility².

In older female mice, NAD+ precursor supplements improved:

Time to first live birth
Percentage of mice having live births
Egg quality
Ovulation rate

These benefits occur because NAD+ supports energy production and mitochondrial function in reproductive cells.

Women with PCOS may also benefit from NAD+. Research found that PCOS patients have lower NAD+ levels in ovarian cells, causing oxidative stress and mitochondrial problems³.

In animal studies, the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) produced several improvements:

More regular periods
Better ovulation
Less ovarian scarring
Healthier mitochondria

2. Relief from Menopausal Symptoms

If you’re in the throes of perimenopause or menopause, you know it can feel like your body has staged a revolt.

Hot flashes strike during important meetings, sleep becomes elusive, and your once-sharp mind sometimes feels foggy.

Studies suggest that restoring levels of NAD may help with common menopausal symptoms including:

Hot flashes
Night sweats
Mood changes
Sleep disturbances
Brain fog and cognitive issues

The benefits appear related to how NAD+ helps cells produce energy and regulate metabolism when hormonal shifts cause significant physical changes.

3. Better Bone Health

Bone health is crucial for women, especially after menopause when estrogen decreases. Remember leaping off swings as a kid? That bodily resilience doesn’t completely disappear with age.

NAD+ may protect bone density and fight osteoporosis in older adults. Research indicates that increasing NAD levels can slow bone breakdown while promoting new bone cell formation⁴.

Bones stay healthy through a process called remodeling. As we age, bone-building cells decline, leading to too much bone removal without enough new growth. NAD+ helps maintain this balance, potentially offering protection against age-related bone loss.

4. Improved Skin Health

Seeing new lines or sagging skin in the mirror? That’s your skin’s NAD+ levels declining right before your eyes. This natural process causes fine lines, wrinkles, and elasticity loss⁵.

Boosting NAD+ through supplements or specialized skincare products can:

Support DNA repair
Help cells regenerate
Fight sun-related aging
Reduce uneven skin tone
Protect your skin barrier

Sirtuins, enzymes that depend on NAD+, play a central role in maintaining skin health and youthfulness. NAD+ helps these enzymes keep your skin’s structure strong and bouncy.

5. Mood Balance and Mental Wellbeing

Women’s mental health can benefit from optimal NAD+ levels. Ever had those days when your brain just won’t cooperate? Research suggests NAD+ plays a key role in:

Neurotransmitter function (regulating mood)
Cognitive function
Cellular energy for brain cells⁶

NAD+ supplements may help reduce anxiety and depression by promoting balanced neurotransmitters. The energy boost can also improve focus and mental clarity, helping you handle life’s demands more effectively.

6. Energy and Metabolism Boost

Remember powering through your day without needing coffee refills? NAD+ is essential for your mitochondria – your cellular energy generators – making it key for your energy and metabolism.

Research in the journal Science tested nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on 25 postmenopausal women with prediabetes over 10 weeks⁷. They found improvements in:

Insulin sensitivity
Insulin signaling
Healthy muscle tissue changes

This suggests NAD+ precursors may help fight the metabolic decline that often accelerates after menopause.

NAD+ also helps regulate your circadian rhythm⁸ – your internal body clock. Healthy NAD+ levels can improve your sleep-wake patterns, leading to better sleep, balanced hormones, and improved vitality.

Imagine enjoying that deep, refreshing sleep you had when you were younger!

Common Side Effects

The most commonly reported side effects of NAD+ precursors include:

Diarrhea
Nausea
Rashes
Hot flashes
Leg cramps

These side effects appear to be relatively rare and minor for most users. Still, it’s worth starting with lower doses to see how your body responds.

Dosage Recommendations

Current dosage recommendations based on available research include:

Supplement Type	Daily Dosage Range	Typical Study Dose	Notes
NR (Nicotinamide Riboside)	100-1000mg	250-500mg	Most studies use mid-range doses
NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)	150-1200mg	250-900mg	NAD+ improvements seen in this range
NAM (Nicotinamide)	100-500mg	500mg	NAD+ increases observed at higher end
Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)	14-35mg (general), 100-1000mg (therapeutic)	Variable	Therapeutic doses require medical supervision due to potential side effects

Important Notes:

These are general recommendations, not gender-specific
Individual factors (health status, age, medical conditions) should guide dosing
Consult with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen

Considerations for Different Life Stages

A pregnant woman in a pink dress holds her belly in a heart shape

Your body’s relationship with NAD+ changes throughout your life, just like your cooking preferences evolve from instant ramen to more sophisticated flavors. Understanding these shifts helps you make better choices about supplementation timing.

Reproductive Years

If you’re in your childbearing years, the fertility benefits we discussed earlier become especially relevant. NAD+ supports egg quality and cellular energy in reproductive tissues.

Women planning to delay childbearing might find this particularly valuable. However, always consult your healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen while trying to conceive.

Pregnancy and Postpartum

Research remains limited here, though emerging studies show promise.

One study found NAM may protect developing eggs from acetaminophen effects⁹. In animal models, NR prevented pregnancy-related high blood pressure and fetal growth issues¹⁰.

Given the limited human data, pregnant women should only consider NAD+ supplements under medical supervision.

Perimenopause and Menopause

This life stage may offer the most compelling case for the benefits of NAD+ supplementation. As we covered earlier, research shows significant benefits for hot flashes, sleep, energy, and metabolism during hormonal transitions.

The metabolic improvements seen in postmenopausal women with prediabetes make this timing particularly strategic for many women.

Practical Ways to Support NAD+ Levels

Beyond supplementation, several lifestyle factors can influence your NAD+ levels. Many of these approaches are beneficial for your overall health too.

Diet

Your grandmother’s advice to “eat your vegetables” turns out to be NAD+-boosting wisdom! Consume foods rich in NAD+ precursors, including:

Lean meats
Fish
Legumes
Nuts and seeds
Whole grains
Leafy greens

These foods support your body’s natural NAD+ production.

Exercise

Regular physical activity may support NAD+ production. Even moderate exercise several times a week can deliver some benefit. Find movement you enjoy – whether it’s dancing in your kitchen, swimming laps, or taking a brisk walk with a friend – and you’ll be supporting your NAD+ production naturally.

Stress Management

Chronic stress depletes NAD+. Practices like meditation, yoga, and adequate sleep help preserve your NAD+ stores. Taking even five minutes a day for deep breathing can make a difference.

Limiting Alcohol

Excessive alcohol consumption places demands on NAD+ resources as your body metabolizes alcohol. Moderating intake helps protect your NAD+ levels. Think of it this way: every glass of wine requires your body to use some of its precious NAD+ stores for processing.

Should Women Take NAD+ Supplements?

An accomplished woman holds her glasses on a modern sofa

There’s no one-size-fits-all answer about taking NAD+ supplements. Just like you wouldn’t purchase shoes without trying them on first, your supplement decisions should be tailored to your individual health goals.

Women who might benefit most include:

Those experiencing menopause symptoms
Women with metabolic concerns, particularly postmenopausal women with insulin resistance
Those interested in supporting reproductive health and fertility
Women concerned about age-related cognitive changes
Those looking for support with energy production and overall vitality

Jinfiniti’s Vitality↑® NAD+ Booster contains a science-backed blend shown to optimize NAD+ levels through several metabolic pathways. Our well-researched formulation of NMN, creatine monohydrate, niacinamide and D-ribose work together to support cellular energy needs that many women face during hormonal changes.

However, important cautions exist:

Women with cancer, cancer history, or strong family history of cancer should approach supplementation with caution
Women with autoimmune or inflammatory conditions should discuss potential risks with healthcare providers
Pregnant women should only consider NAD+ supplementation under medical supervision

Before taking any NAD+ supplement, measure your baseline NAD+ levels with our Intracellular NAD® Test. This helps personalize your dosing and track your progress—following our TAO approach (Test, Act, Optimize) to precision health.

Bottom Line

NAD+ supplements show promise for women’s health across several areas – fertility, mental clarity, bone health, and energy levels. Since NAD+ naturally decreases with age, supplements may help combat age-related health issues that women often face.

The evidence for reproductive and menopausal health benefits looks good, while research in other areas continues to grow. As scientists better understand how NAD+ affects women’s health, this coenzyme could become a key part of health optimization.

Referenced Sources

Two medical doctors analyzing a patient's biomarkers on a computer

7 Benefits of Precision Medicine You Need to Know

Written by Jinfiniti Science on May 12, 2025. Posted in Precision Medicine. No Comments on 7 Benefits of Precision Medicine You Need to Know

Doctors used to treat everyone the same way. Thanks to precision medicine, treatments can now be customized based on your unique body, genes, and lifestyle.

The potential benefits extend far beyond just better treatment outcomes. Let’s explore seven ways precision medicine is improving healthcare today.

Key Takeaways

Precision medicine offers more targeted and effective care by using genes, lifestyle, and environment to guide treatment and prevention.
This shift in healthcare may help reduce side effects, improve diagnoses, and predict disease risks so patients can take action early and stay healthier longer.
Although some tools are still costly, prices are dropping, making this personalized approach more affordable and accessible over time.

What is Precision Medicine?

Medicine is moving away from the old “one-size-fits-all” model. This approach gave everyone with the same condition the same treatment.¹ But people’s bodies and how they respond to treatment can be very different.

Precision medicine uses your unique genetic makeup, environment, and lifestyle to guide healthcare decisions. With this approach, doctors can match you with the care that fits you best. The goal is simple: the right treatment, for the right person, at the right time.²

You might also hear the terms “individualized” or “personalized” medicine.³ These are often used interchangeably with precision medicine.

However, “precision medicine” usually means grouping people by shared traits, like a specific gene mutation.⁴ It focuses on using science and data to match individual patients with the treatments most likely to work for them.

Key Technologies Driving Precision Healthcare

Precision medicine is advancing fast, thanks to powerful technologies. The Human Genome Project opened the door by mapping all human genes.⁵ This led to the rise of ‘omics’ technologies like genomics and proteomics.⁶ These tools reveal how genes, proteins, and other molecules affect health.

Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) made DNA sequencing dramatically faster and more affordable.⁷ What once cost billions now can be done for a fraction of the price, making genetic profiling increasingly accessible for both research and clinical use.

Biomarkers serve as crucial indicators in precision medicine. These measures help guide diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, track disease risk and progression, and monitor medical treatment response with unprecedented accuracy.

The vast amounts of data generated require sophisticated analysis, with Big Data and AI uncovering patterns that guide personalized healthcare decisions.

Today, these technologies are no longer confined to research labs or hospitals. At-home biomarker testing puts powerful health insights directly in your hands.

Longevity blood test panels like Jinfiniti’s AgingSOS are part of this exciting shift, offering insights that empower individuals to optimize their health journey.

Benefits of Precision Medicine

Here are seven key benefits that show why precision medicine is reshaping the future of healthcare.

1. More Effective and Targeted Treatments

Precision medicine makes treatments more effective by targeting the root cause of illness in each person. Doctors now tailor care based on your unique biology.

For example, in cancer care, doctors can study a tumor’s genes to find specific mutations.⁸ Then they choose a drug that targets that exact problem. This is called precision oncology.⁹

These treatments often work better and have fewer side effects. They’re designed to stop the disease at its source. It’s a smarter, more focused way to fight disease.

2. Reducing Medication Side Effects

Not everyone responds to medications the same way. Some drugs work great for one person but cause serious side effects in another.

Precision medicine helps solve this problem through a field called pharmacogenomics (PGx).¹⁰ PGx looks at how your genes affect the way your body handles medicine.

Doctors can choose safer and more effective drugs by testing your genes before starting treatment. This helps prevent bad reactions and avoids wasting time on drugs that don’t work.¹¹

For example, people with the HLA-B*5701 gene can have a severe reaction to the HIV drug abacavir.¹² Testing first can prevent this.

Other genes, like CYP2C9 or VKORC1, affect how your body handles blood thinners like warfarin.¹³ Knowing your gene type can help set the right dose.

The same goes for painkillers like codeine, some antidepressants, and even cholesterol or heart drugs. PGx helps avoid side effects and improves results.

3. Improved Disease Diagnosis

An image of a doctor and a woman discussing the benefits of precision medicine

Precision medicine helps doctors diagnose diseases more accurately. It uses genetic and molecular information, not just symptoms or tissue samples under a microscope.

For example, lung cancer is no longer treated as one disease.¹⁴ It’s now divided into types based on specific gene mutations like EGFR or ALK, each needing different treatments.¹⁵

Advanced tools like whole-genome sequencing can find the exact gene causing a rare disease. This ends years of guessing and helps families finally get answers.¹⁶

Programs like the Undiagnosed Diseases Network use these tools to solve tough medical mysteries. Knowing the cause can lead to better care and early treatment.¹⁷

Other tools include biomarker tests, liquid biopsies, and high-tech imaging. These help detect diseases earlier and track treatment results with less pain or risk.

4. Better Prediction of Disease Risk

Precision medicine also helps predict your risk for disease by looking at your genes. This means you can take action before symptoms start.

Some people carry gene mutations, like BRCA1 or BRCA2, that raise the risk of cancer.¹⁸ Genomic testing helps them plan for early screening or prevention.

For common diseases like heart disease, small changes in many genes add up. Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) combine these into one score to show your personal risk.¹⁹

5. Personalized Prevention Strategies

Precision medicine shifts the focus from treating disease to preventing it. By knowing your genetic risk, you can take action early. For example, women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, which increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer, can benefit from precision medicine.²⁰ ²¹ This includes:

Enhanced Surveillance: More frequent screenings, like mammograms and MRIs, to catch cancer early.
Chemoprevention: Medications like Tamoxifen to reduce cancer risk.
Risk-Reducing Surgery: Surgeries, such as mastectomies, to dramatically lower cancer risk.

For everyday conditions like diabetes, genetic testing or PRS can be a game-changer. Knowing your risk may inspire healthy habits like better eating, more exercise, and quitting smoking.

PRS can also help doctors tailor screening schedules, like starting mammograms earlier if your risk is high. This means catching diseases sooner, when they’re easier to treat.

6. More Efficient Healthcare

Precision medicine helps make healthcare work better by using targeted treatments instead of guesswork.²² This saves time, money, and helps patients feel better faster.

In regular medicine, doctors often try different drugs until one works. With precision medicine, tests like pharmacogenomics can help choose the right treatment the first time.²³

These tests can also predict bad reactions to drugs before they happen.²⁴ That means fewer hospital visits, fewer side effects, and fewer wasted prescriptions.

Drug companies also benefit from precision tools. They can design smaller and faster clinical trials by choosing patients more likely to respond.

Finding diseases early is another win. When problems are caught sooner, treatment is often easier and cheaper.

7. Potential Cost Savings

Precision medicine tools can be expensive at first.²⁵ But over time, they may help save money and improve care.

Instead of wasting money on treatments that don’t work, doctors can choose the best option right away. This can lower costs from hospital visits, side effects, and delays.²⁶

Some tests, like those for certain heart drugs or cancer risks, are already showing good value. They help prevent problems before they start, saving money and lives.

In cancer care, expensive drugs may work well for certain patients. Testing helps avoid spending on people who won’t benefit.

Precision medicine can also make drug research faster and cheaper. Smaller, focused trials mean companies spend less to get new medicines approved.

Not all tests are covered by insurance, and some fear it’s only for the wealthy. But as costs drop, precision tools may become more affordable for everyone.

The Future of Precision Medicine

An image of a doctor examining a patient

Precision medicine is changing how we treat and prevent disease. It uses your genes, lifestyle, and environment to guide care.²⁷ This approach makes diagnosing rare or hard-to-find conditions easier.

By spotting health risks early, people can take steps to stay healthy. This includes lifestyle changes, regular checks, and preventive therapies.

Over time, precision medicine may also save money. It avoids unecessary treatments and helps the healthcare system run more smoothly.

Moving Toward Personalized Healthcare

Healthcare is evolving from precision medicine to an even more holistic approach called P4 medicine:²⁸ Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, and Participatory.

This model builds on precision by using your unique data to prevent illness and tailor treatments.²⁹ It also seeks to involve you more in your health journey.

Jinfiniti’s TAO approach (Test, Act, Optimize) aligns perfectly with this shift. It starts with testing your current cellular health through our at-home biomarker panels.

You then act on these results with targeted interventions. Finally, you optimize your approach through ongoing monitoring and adjustments.

This cycle of measurement and targeted action helps you extend your healthspan – the period of life you spend in good health. After all, the goal isn’t just to live longer, but to live better.

Referenced Sources:

Slices of turmeric root and powder on a cutting board with green herbs

Boswellia vs. Turmeric: Differences, Benefits and Risks

Written by Jinfiniti Science on May 9, 2025. Posted in Inflammation, Boswellia, Turmeric/Curcumin.

Looking for inflammation support? Boswellia and turmeric are two popular options in the natural health space.

Boswellia contains powerful boswellic acids that help regulate your body’s inflammatory response. Turmeric’s active curcuminoids and turmerosaccharides target multiple pathways at once.

But which should you choose? This guide compares their effectiveness, safety profiles, and specific benefits for inflammation and joint support based on scientific evidence.

Key Takeaways

Boswellia supports joint structure and flexibility, while turmeric fights inflammation throughout the body.
Both supplements reduce inflammation through different pathways – Boswellia via 5-LOX and turmeric through NF-κB and COX-2.
Studies show combining Boswellia and turmeric provides better results than using either supplement alone.
Both supplements have good safety profiles with minimal side effects reported in clinical studies.
Always consult your doctor before starting any supplement.

What’s the Difference Between Boswellia and Turmeric?

An image of turmeric root and powder on a wood board

Boswellia comes from the resin of Boswellia serrata trees and is also known as Indian frankincense. Its power lies in compounds called boswellic acids.

Turmeric is the bright orange root of Curcuma longa plants. Its star compound is curcumin, known for fighting inflammation and acting as an antioxidant.

Both curcumin and Boswellia come from Ayurvedic traditions in India. But they work differently in your body.

Boswellia mainly supports joint structure and flexibility. Turmeric offers wider health benefits beyond joints, including heart and metabolic health.

Benefits of Turmeric

Turmeric has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine to support wellness, with modern research confirming many of its traditional uses:

Anti-inflammatory: Contains curcumin, which helps fight chronic inflammation linked to various health conditions.¹

Antioxidant Power: Rich in antioxidants that neutralize harmful free radicals and combat oxidative stress.²

Supports Brain Health: May enhance memory, protect against neurodegenerative diseases, and potentially improve mood.³

Promotes Heart Health: Its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects may help lower the risk of heart disease.⁴

Eases Arthritis Symptoms: Can help reduce joint pain and stiffness associated with osteoarthritis due to its anti-inflammatory properties.⁵

Potential Cancer-Fighting Effects: Early research suggests curcumin might help limit the growth and spread of some cancer cells.⁶

Benefits of Boswellia

Boswellia extracts may support health in various ways, from joint comfort to respiratory health:

Anti-inflammatory Effects: Contains boswellic acids that inhibit inflammatory pathways, potentially reducing overall inflammation.⁷

Arthritis Relief: Effectively reduces pain and stiffness while improving joint function in people with osteoarthritis.⁸

Asthma Support: May help ease asthma symptoms by reducing leukotrienes, which cause bronchial muscle contraction.⁹

Gut Health: Shows potential in improving symptoms and inducing remission in inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.¹⁰

Potential Anti-Cancer Effects: Boswellic acids may inhibit cancer growth and prevent certain enzymes from negatively affecting DNA, according to preliminary studies.¹¹

Immune System Support: Appears to modulate the immune system by influencing cytokine production and regulating white blood cell activity.¹²

Which Is Better for Joint Pain and Inflammation?

Both supplements offer significant benefits for joint health, but in slightly different ways.

Boswellia delivers powerful joint pain relief and shows an advantage in structural protection. MRI evidence confirms it can increase cartilage volume and joint space width.¹³ This suggests Boswellia may help slow down joint deterioration over time.

Turmeric works quickly against pain. Some studies show improvements within just one week. It’s been tested in more inflammatory conditions beyond osteoarthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis.¹⁴

Research shows curcumin extract matches the pain relief of some prescription medications. Clinical trials confirm it improves physical function with fewer side effects than NSAIDs.¹⁵

As we’ll see in our next section, combining turmeric and Boswellia may deliver better results than either supplement alone.

Bonus Read: If you want to learn about the nuances between turmeric and curcumin, check out our article comparing curcumin and turmeric for inflammation.

Should You Take Boswellia and Turmeric Together?

An image of an older woman taking supplements

Science says yes. These two natural compounds work through different inflammatory pathways for enhanced benefits.

Boswellia targets the 5-LOX pathway. This specific mechanism helps protect joint structure and function.¹⁶

Turmeric modulates NF-κB and COX-2 signals that control inflammatory responses related to joint integrity.¹⁷

Research also confirms the combination may work better than either supplement alone.

One study showed a formula with both herbs decreased posture-related back pain by 56% in just one week. By day 15, participants experienced an impressive 98.5% reduction in pain.¹⁸

Another clinical trial published in SAGE Journals found the combination outperformed curcuminoids alone. Participants improved in both physical performance tests and joint comfort.¹⁹

The science is clear: Boswellia and turmeric together offer comprehensive support for healthy joints and mobility.

Try our Extra Strength Turmeric+ supplement to harness the combined power of these two mighty botanicals. We’ve formulated it with clinically effective doses of both curcumin and Boswellia serrata extract to support your body’s natural inflammatory balance.

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Are Boswellia and Turmeric Safe?

An image of a woman reviewing supplements

Both Boswellia and turmeric show impressive safety records in scientific research.

Clinical trials consistently report Boswellia causes few if any side effects at standard doses.

Turmeric stands out for its exceptional safety. Researchers have studied it extensively with minimal concerns.

A 90-day study examined a combination of turmeric, Boswellia, and sesame at 2,000 mg daily. Researchers found no adverse effects on vital signs, blood parameters, liver function or kidney markers.²⁰

High-dose turmeric studies report remarkable tolerability. Only one participant experienced mild stomach discomfort that went away without treatment.²¹

Research with vulnerable populations confirms this safety profile. Cancer patients taking curcumin supplements experienced no significant adverse reactions.²²

Always talk to your healthcare provider before starting any new supplement. This is especially important if you have health conditions or take medications.

How to Choose the Right Supplement

Consider these key factors when selecting between Boswellia, turmeric, or a combination.

Match the supplement to your goals:

Joint structure and long-term mobility? Consider Boswellia

Broader benefits and faster relief? Turmeric may work better

Want comprehensive support? Research shows combination formulas like Jinfiniti’s Turmeric+ provide enhanced efficacy

Quality markers to look for:

Species and plant part clearly identified (Boswellia serrata resin)

Standardized active compounds (95% curcuminoids, specified boswellic acid content)

Enhanced bioavailability formulations

Third-party testing verification

Transparent ingredient listing with amounts

Bonus Read: For more guidance on choosing a quality turmeric supplement, check out our detailed turmeric buying guide.

Takeaways: Boswellia vs. Turmeric

An image of turmeric powder surrounded by roots

Boswellia and turmeric are two of nature’s most powerful tools for joint and inflammatory support. Clinical studies validate their effectiveness through different mechanisms.

Science also reveals a synergistic effect between turmeric and Boswellia. Together, they address multiple inflammatory pathways simultaneously.

For optimal results, consider a high-quality supplement like Turmeric+. Our formulation is designed to harness the synergy of these natural ingredients.

Want to explore more powerful natural combinations? Check out our article on the benefits of ginger and turmeric to discover another golden pair that works better together.

Referenced Sources:

Healthcare practitioner offering choice between two supplements in his office

Best NAD Supplement in 2025: What to Know Before You Buy

Written by Jinfiniti Science on May 8, 2025. Posted in NAD+, NAD+ Precursors, Nicotinamide, Supplements.

Step into the world of longevity supplements and you’ll quickly encounter NAD+, a molecule touted for its role in energy production and cellular repair throughout your body.

Consequently, the market is now flooded with NAD supplements, each claiming to be the most effective. This makes choosing the right one a confusing task for even the most health-conscious consumer.

To help you make sense of it all, this expert guide breaks down the science of NAD boosters and provides clear advice on what experts recommend to help you select the best NAD supplement in 2025.

Key Takeaways

NMN and NR supplements effectively boost NAD+ levels, with numerous studies supporting their benefits
Standard oral supplements (capsules, tablets, powders) are the forms most used in clinical research
Measuring your baseline NAD+ levels before supplementing allows you to track effectiveness and make informed dosage decisions
A combination approach with multiple NAD precursors and supporting compounds may boost NAD+ levels more effectively than single-ingredient formulations

NAD+: The Coenzyme That Declines With Age

Your body relies on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or NAD+, for cellular energy metabolism and hundreds of vital processes like DNA repair. The molecule helps power your mitochondria and activates sirtuins, proteins that help regulate how your cells age.

NAD+ levels start declining with age. By middle age, you might have lost 50-80% of what you had in youth. DNA damage, chronic inflammation and cellular aging all contribute to this phenomenon.

When NAD+ drops, your cellular engines sputter. Maintenance slows down. Your body’s ability to bounce back from stress diminishes. These changes contribute to many familiar signs of aging, from decreased energy to cognitive changes.

Supplementation with NAD+ precursors (the raw materials your body uses to make NAD+) offers a potential strategy to fight back against this natural decline.

Benefits of Boosting NAD

Young Asian woman using devices for fitness in park

The benefits of NAD supplements appear strongest in people with specific conditions or naturally low NAD levels. This is why we recommend testing your NAD+ status as a first step.

So what specific benefits can you expect when you restore your NAD+ levels? The evidence is compelling.

Studies show that increasing NAD may improve metabolic health. One study of prediabetic women found that taking just 250 mg of NMN daily for 10 weeks improved muscle insulin sensitivity.¹

For active individuals, NAD+ supplementation can improve aerobic capacity, with research showing performance benefits that increase with dosage.²

Your heart stands to gain significant protection too. Clinical research demonstrates that raising NAD+ levels helps combat various heart conditions, from atherosclerosis to cardiomyopathy and heart failure.

Brain health benefits are equally compelling. NAD+ supplementation reduces neuroinflammation, protects neurons, and improves cognitive function by supporting mitochondrial health in brain cells.³

Boosting NAD+ can also reduce chronic oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which are linked to aging and degenerative diseases.⁴

Supplement Safety Note

Supplements receive minimal FDA regulation and may not be safe for everyone. They can interact with medications and other supplements. Always consult your doctor before starting any supplement regimen.

Types of NAD Precursors

NAD+ itself is too large to enter cells efficiently when taken orally. Instead, supplements use precursor molecules that your body converts into NAD+.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)

What is it? NMN is a direct precursor that’s just one step away from becoming NAD+. It’s found naturally in very small amounts in foods like broccoli, avocado, and edamame.

What does research say? Research shows NMN supplements safely improve physical performance, muscle function, and metabolic health, particularly in middle-aged and older adults.⁵

Is it effective? Several human trials show that taking NMN significantly boosts blood NAD levels in healthy adults over 4-12 weeks compared to placebo.⁶

Any downsides? Supplements tend to be more expensive. Despite strong safety data, most comes from small, short-duration studies.

Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)

What is it? NR is a form of vitamin B3 that efficiently converts to NMN and then to NAD+. It bypasses a rate-limiting enzyme called NAMPT that can slow down NAD+ production.

What does research say? Clinical trials show thatNR supplementation is safe and may offer benefits for inflammation⁷, body composition, and possibly neuroprotection.⁸

Is it effective? Multiple human trials show that oral NR supplements significantly raise NAD concentrations in blood and tissues.⁹

Any downsides? NR may be slightly less potent than NMN as a precursor to NAD that is one step further.

Nicotinamide (NAM)

What is it? Also called niacinamide, NAM is the most common form of vitamin B3 in both diet and supplements. It’s found in foods like fish, poultry, eggs, grains, meat, milk, and green vegetables.

What does research say? Clinical studies show nicotinamide helps prevent skin cancer¹⁰, improves skin health, and reduces risk of heart failure.¹¹

Is it effective? Evidence suggests NAM can increase NAD levels, but its effectiveness may vary by tissue type and context.¹²

Any downsides? NAM is generally considered less effective than NMN and NR. It may also come with more side effects in some people.

Niacin (Nicotinic Acid, NA)

What is it? Niacin is the original form of vitamin B3 that can be converted to NAD+ through the “salvage pathway.” It’s the most affordable NAD+ precursor and has been used medically for decades to manage cholesterol.

What does research say? Research shows niacin has well-documented benefits for improving cholesterol profiles by increasing HDL (“good” cholesterol) and lowering LDL (“bad” cholesterol).¹³

Is it effective? High-dose niacin has been shown to increase NAD levels up to 8-fold, which raises questions about optimal dosing for balanced cellular health.¹⁴

Any downsides? Niacin often causes an uncomfortable “flush” effect (temporary skin redness, warmth, and itching) and some users experience stomach issues.

Tryptophan

What is it? Tryptophan is an essential amino acid found in protein-rich foods that can be converted to NAD+ through a lengthy process known as the “de novo pathway.”

What does research say? Studies indicate it may support mood regulation, sleep quality, and neurotransmitter balance due to its role in serotonin production.

Is it effective? As an NAD+ precursor, tryptophan requires multiple conversion steps and is less efficient than direct precursors like NMN.

Any downsides? The conversion rate from tryptophan to NAD+ is relatively low, requiring larger amounts to achieve meaningful NAD+ increases.

Comparison of NAD Precursors

Precursor	What is it?	Effectiveness	Downsides
NMN	Direct NAD+ precursor found in small amounts in vegetables	Significantly boosts NAD+ levels in clinical trials	Most expensive option
NR	B3 form that bypasses rate-limiting enzyme	Well-proven to raise NAD+ in blood and tissues	Slightly less potent than NMN
NAM	Common B3 form in everyday foods	Variable effectiveness by tissue type	Less effective, possible side effects
Niacin	Original B3 form, most affordable	Can increase NAD+ up to 8-fold	Causes “flush” effect, GI discomfort
Tryptophan	Essential amino acid in protein foods	Inefficient, requires multiple conversion steps	Very low conversion rate to NAD+

Forms of NAD Supplements

The effectiveness of your NAD+ supplement might depend on how well it’s absorbed and taken up by your cells.

Standard Oral Capsules/Tablets/Powders

Research consistently shows oral supplements are most reliable, with clinical studies preferring them for their consistent dosing, proven NAD+ elevation, and easy integration into daily routines.

Sublingual Delivery

Tablets or drops placed under the tongue claim to bypass digestion, but minimal independent research confirms superior bioavailability compared to quality oral supplements.

Liposomal Formulations

These encase precursors in microscopic lipid bubbles that protect them from digestive enzymes and potentially enhance cellular uptake. Manufacturer data suggests better bioavailability, but independent research is limited.

Other Forms

Nasal sprays provide rapid delivery through the nasal mucosa
Transdermal patches deliver precursors through the skin
IV administration delivers NAD+ directly into the bloodstream (clinical settings only)

While advanced delivery systems offer potential advantages, standard oral formulations still have the most extensive clinical research supporting their effectiveness.

Delivery Method	Effectiveness	Research Support
Oral Capsules/Tablets/Powders	Reliable cellular uptake with consistent dosing	Extensive clinical research support
Sublingual Delivery	Claims improved absorption by bypassing digestion	Limited independent verification
Liposomal Formulations	Enhanced protection from digestive enzymes	Mostly manufacturer data, limited independent studies
Nasal Sprays	Rapid delivery through nasal mucosa	Minimal clinical research
Transdermal Patches	Gradual delivery through skin	Few published studies
IV Administration	Direct bloodstream delivery (clinical settings only)	Used in specific therapeutic contexts

Dosages: How Much Should You Take?

Finding the right NAD+ precursor dosage means balancing research with your personal needs.

For NR, studies typically use 300-1000 mg daily. Higher doses (1000+ mg) may keep NAD+ levels elevated longer and are sometimes used for specific health conditions.

Research has tested daily NMN doses between 250-1200 mg. Some evidence suggests the higher end of this range (600-1200 mg) may work better for things like aerobic capacity.

Start low (250-500 mg daily of either NR or NMN) to check how your body responds before trying higher amounts.

For specific health concerns, talk to a healthcare professional who can guide you based on your health and goals.

Precursor	Typical NAD-Boosting Dosage
NMN	250-1000 mg/day
NR	300-1000 mg/day
NAM (Niacinamide)	100-500 mg/day
Niacin	15-50 mg/day
Tryptophan	1000+ mg from dietary sources

Side Effects and Safety

NAD+ precursors have shown good safety records in human studies at common doses.

NR has been tested at up to 2000 mg daily for several months, with a recent study using even 3000 mg daily for 4 weeks in Parkinson’s patients without serious side effects.

NMN appears safe at doses up to 1250 mg daily in studies lasting several weeks to months.

Unlike niacin, neither NR nor NMN typically cause flushing, making them more comfortable for most people.

Mild side effects sometimes reported include:

Stomach discomfort
Headaches
Fatigue

These occur about as often as in placebo groups.

Safety data beyond several months is still limited. If you take medications, especially for metabolism-related conditions, check with your doctor before starting dietary supplements.

Choosing the Best NAD Supplement

To pick the best NAD supplement for your needs, focus on these core considerations:

Match to Your Goals: Align your choice with your health goals. NMN and NR are popular for longevity, with NMN often noted for metabolic support and NR for neurological aspects. NAM can be considered for skin health, while niacin has known cholesterol benefits.
Prioritize Quality: Don’t compromise on quality. Look for products with third-party testing seals (e.g., USP, NSF), GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) certification, and transparency from established brands.
Sensible Starting Doses: For NR or NMN, consider starting with 250-500 mg daily. For NAM, 100-250mg is a common initial range, and for niacin, lower doses like 15-50 mg are safer.
Consider Testing: For a personalized approach, testing your NAD+ levels before and after supplementation can help verify effectiveness and optimize your regimen.
Remember the Bigger Picture: Supplements achieve the best results as part of an overall healthy lifestyle, including good nutrition, regular exercise, and quality sleep.

Focusing on these elements will help you confidently select a high-quality NAD+ supplement that aligns with your individual health objectives.

A Science-Based Approach to NAD Supplementation

At Jinfiniti Precision Medicine, we approach NAD+ optimization through our unique “Test, Act, Optimize” (TAO) philosophy.

Our approach begins with measuring your actual NAD+ levels using our proprietary Intracellular NAD® Test. This clinical-grade test provides a precise baseline of your current NAD+ status through a simple finger-prick blood collection.

With this data, we can recommend personalized supplementation using our flagship product:

Vitality↑® NAD Booster – Our patent-pending, clinically validated formulation combines precursors NMN and niacinamide with creatine monohydrate and D-ribose in precise ratios that work synergistically across multiple metabolic pathways

Vitality↑® stands apart from generic supplements by targeting comprehensive cellular health. Its unique formula supports energy production, recovery, sleep quality, mental clarity, and reduced inflammation – all from a single, science-backed supplement.

Our complete system comes together in our NAD Optimization® Starter Package, which includes before-and-after testing plus Vitality↑® supplementation. This embodies our philosophy of continuous monitoring and adjustment for optimal results.

“The one-size-fits-all approach to NAD supplementation simply doesn’t work,” explains Dr. Jin-Xiong She, Jinfiniti founder and Chief Scientist. “People vary dramatically in their baseline levels and response to supplements. Without testing, you’re just guessing. Our Vitality↑® works through three distinct pathways to make NAD, making it more effective than single-ingredient options like NMN or NR alone. This approach leads to NAD+ increases you can actually measure and feel.”

A Few More Practical Tips

Getting the most from your NAD+ supplementation might benefit from a holistic approach:

What Time to Take NAD Supplements

NAD+ metabolism follows circadian rhythms
Morning supplementation may align better with natural cycles
Consistency is key for maintaining levels

Lifestyle Factors

Regular exercise increases NAMPT enzyme activity, supporting NAD production
Intermittent fasting activates pathways that help boost NAD+ levels naturally
Quality sleep supports optimal NAD+ metabolism

Complementary Supplements

Taking NMN with resveratrol may enhance sirtuin activity powered by NAD+
Taking NMN with Trimethylglycine (TMG) may support methyl metabolism
Quercetin helps inhibit CD38, reducing NAD+ consumption

Remember that individual responses can be different based on genetics, age, activity level and overall health status.

Recap: What to Know Before You Buy

Finding your ideal NAD+ supplement requires balancing scientific research with your personal factors. Both NMN and NR effectively raise NAD+ levels, each with advantages for different situations.

Quality is crucial. Select products with independent verification and clear manufacturing practices to ensure you receive what’s advertised.

Keep in mind that NAD+ supplements perform best as part of a complete health strategy. No pill can substitute for quality sleep, regular physical activity, stress reduction, and nutritious eating.

For a truly personalized strategy, Jinfiniti’s system offers a way to test, supplement, and track your NAD+ optimization journey based on your unique biological response.

When you select products based on quality, evidence, and your specific needs, NAD+ supplementation provides a promising way to support cellular function throughout aging.

Referenced Sources

5 Surprising Health Benefits of Quercetin You Need to Know

Written by Jinfiniti Science on May 5, 2025. Posted in Quercetin. No Comments on 5 Surprising Health Benefits of Quercetin You Need to Know

Did you know a powerful plant compound is working silently in many foods you eat daily?

Quercetin gives fruits and vegetables their vibrant colors and offers remarkable health benefits. Research shows this flavonoid does far more than just add color to your plate.

You’ve likely consumed quercetin throughout your life without realizing its potential. Science now reveals it helps fight inflammation and may even support longevity.

Let’s explore five surprising benefits of quercetin that might change how you view your daily nutrition choices and wellness routine.

Key Takeaways

Quercetin is more than an antioxidant—it helps with allergies, heart health, skin aging, gut support, and post-workout recovery.
You get it from red onions, apples, berries, and tea, but supplements (usually 500–1000 mg) can help if you want a therapeutic dose.
Quercetin is generally safe, but taking it in high doses may cause mild side effects or interact with certain medications.

What is Quercetin and Where Can I Find It?

Quercetin is a naturally occurring plant pigment. It is part of a larger group of compounds known as flavonoids—specifically, flavonols.

Your body values quercetin primarily for its antioxidant properties. This means it helps protect your cells from damage caused by harmful molecules called free radicals.

While it’s present in many plants, it’s usually not in its pure form. Instead, it’s commonly bound to sugars, forming compounds called glycosides, which your body breaks down during digestion to absorb the active form.

Top Food Sources of Quercetin

A bowl of blueberries on a plain background

The average daily intake of quercetin can vary quite a bit. In typical Western diets, people consume around 4–40 mg daily, but those eating a produce-rich diet may reach 100 mg or more.

Interestingly, factors like food variety and how it’s grown can impact how much quercetin is actually present. For instance, one study showed that organic tomatoes had 79% more quercetin than conventional ones.¹

Here’s a quick look at some top sources:

Food	Quercetin Content (mg/100g)
Red onions	32-42
Capers	70-90
Apples	2-10
Berries	5-8
Kale	7-12
Broccoli	3-5
Red grapes	3-4
Buckwheat	2-3
Green/black tea	2-3 per cup, brewed
Red wine	1-2 (per 5 oz glass)

Other good sources include citrus fruits, tomatoes, asparagus, cauliflower, cabbage, and herbs like dill, cilantro, and lovage.

Top 5 Overlooked Health Benefits of Quercetin

Quercetin is known for its antioxidant punch, but there’s more to it than that. Here are five lesser-known ways it may support your health, from gut health to faster recovery after workouts.

Natural Allergy Relief and Antihistamine Effects

Quercetin is gaining attention as one of the more promising natural antihistamines. If you deal with seasonal allergies, itchy eyes, or sinus pressure, quercetin might help calm your body’s reaction.

Research published in Nutrients found that quercetin works by stabilizing mast cells.² These release histamine, which triggers sneezing, swelling, and all those annoying allergy symptoms.³ Keep histamine in check can help reduce the intensity of allergic responses.

Beyond histamine control, quercetin helps reduce other inflammatory compounds like cytokines and leukotrienes.⁴ These play a significant role in persistent allergy symptoms that just won’t quit.

Scientists are currently studying quercetin for hay fever, asthma, and skin conditions like eczema. While research is still early, findings suggest regular use might ease congestion and reduce allergic flare-ups.

Heart Health and Blood Pressure Support

Quercetin does more than just fight allergies. It’s also a heart helper.

This natural flavonoid shows promising benefits for blood pressure regulation and overall cardiovascular health.

A study in the Journal of the American Heart Association found that quercetin can support healthy systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels, especially at doses of 500 mg or more per day. It seems to work in a few ways:⁵

Improving blood vessel flexibility

Increasing nitric oxide (which helps vessels relax),

Reducing oxidative stress

Possibly mimicking how ACE inhibitors (drugs used for hypertension) work

Quercetin protects your blood vessels. It keeps the endothelium, the inner lining of your arteries, more flexible and less inflamed.

It lowers the activity of VCAM-1 molecules. This prevents immune cells from attaching to artery walls and causing plaque buildup that leads to atherosclerosis.⁶

Quercetin prevents LDL cholesterol oxidation.⁷ This oxidation triggers artery inflammation and damage.

It helps maintain healthier blood vessels as you age.⁸ It may clear out damaged cells that accelerate vascular aging.

Quercetin may also support healthy LDL levels and improve blood sugar control. Research in Nutrients showed it improves insulin sensitivity through multiple pathways, including gut health.⁹

Skin Protection and Anti-Aging Properties

Quercetin is also great for your skin. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects target common concerns like wrinkles and sun damage.

UVB radiation accelerates skin aging through oxidative stress and collagen breakdown. Quercetin helps counter this by blocking collagen-degrading enzymes like MMP-1 and COX-2.¹⁰

It inhibits key aging pathways including AP-1 and NF-κB. Your skin cells and their mitochondria may even gain protection from UV damage when quercetin is present.¹¹

For issues like eczema or atopic dermatitis, quercetin helps calm overactive immune responses. It helps reduce inflammatory signals like IL-1β and IL-6 while boosting anti-inflammatory ones like IL-10.¹²

Research in Springer Nature showed that topical quercetin helps ease inflammation and itch, sometimes as well as standard meds like tacrolimus.¹³

Quercetin supports wound healing by boosting collagen, skin regeneration, and blood vessel growth. It may also help fade dark spots by blocking tyrosinase, the enzyme that makes skin pigment.¹⁴

Moreover, research in Medicina found that it could help reduce the risks of DNA damage and protect against skin cancer.¹⁵

Exercise Recovery and Reduced Muscle Soreness

Quercetin might not make you faster overnight, but it could help you recover better after a tough workout.

It supports energy metabolism by activating AMPK, a key cellular switch that boosts mitochondrial function and fat burning—important for endurance and recovery.¹⁶

Quercetin also helps reduce post-exercise inflammation, oxidative stress, and muscle soreness (DOMS).

Researchers found that at around 1000 mg/day, quercetin can help lower markers like creatine kinase and LDH within 24–48 hours after intense training.¹⁷ It also protects against oxidative damage by boosting antioxidant defenses and lowering markers like malondialdehyde.

On top of that, it supports neuromuscular recovery, helping restore muscle strength and function more quickly.¹⁸

If your goal is to bounce back faster and train consistently, quercetin could be a solid addition to your recovery stack.¹⁹

Gut Microbiome and Intestinal Barrier Support

Finally, quercetin may also help shape a healthier gut microbiome.

Research shows it encourages beneficial bacteria growth while reducing potentially harmful strains.²⁰ These changes improve microbial balance and support your digestive health.²¹

Quercetin reinforces your gut barrier. It promotes the production of tight junction proteins that act as gatekeepers in your intestinal lining.²²

These proteins prevent endotoxins and pathogens from leaking through into your bloodstream. A stronger gut lining helps reduce inflammation, especially in conditions like IBD.²³

The combined effects support both your microbial environment and gut structure. This improved gut health enhances communication between your digestive system and the rest of your body.

Together, these effects may support both your microbial environment and gut structure.

How to Add More Quercetin to Your Diet

A red onion cut in half on a white background

Getting more quercetin into your meals is actually quite simple. Just focus on colorful foods that are naturally rich in flavonoids.²⁴

Grab an apple with the skin on, toss some red onions in your salad, or add kale to your smoothie. Berries, broccoli, and even capers are excellent sources too.

Try to enjoy some of these foods raw when you can. Cooking is fine, but it might reduce some of the quercetin content. A crisp apple with almond butter makes a perfect afternoon snack.

Here’s a helpful tip: pair quercetin-rich foods with healthy fats. Your body absorbs quercetin better this way.²⁵ Try sautéing those red onions in olive oil or adding avocado to your berry smoothie.

Adding vitamin C foods like bell peppers or oranges to your quercetin-rich meals can also boost absorption. It’s a simple way to get more benefits from the foods you’re already enjoying.

Should I Take Quercetin as a Supplement?

Quercetin supplements offer impressive health benefits beyond what you get from food alone. Before adding any new supplement, here’s what you should know.

Research shows effective doses are much higher than what’s in your diet:

Most studies use 500-1000 mg daily dosage (usually split into two doses)

Average dietary intake is typically under 100 mg per day

Supplements can help bridge this gap

Supplements are often paired other ingredients to enhance the effects of quercetin:

Quercetin with bromelain (pineapple enzyme) improves absorption

Quercetin with fisetin adds neuroprotective benefits

Piperine (black pepper extract) enhances bioavailability

Jinfiniti’s senolytic complex SenoAid combines all these ingredients in one formula, making it easier to support your health goals with a single supplement.

Supplement Safety Note

Side Effects and Safety of Quercetin

Quercetin is generally safe in both foods and supplements. Potential mild side effects include:

Occasional headaches

Mild stomach discomfort

Tingling sensations

These typically resolve by reducing your dose or taking a short break.

Long-term safety at high doses (over 1 gram daily) hasn’t been thoroughly studied. Some theoretical concerns exist about kidney effects at very high doses, but these remain unproven.

Important medication interactions to consider:

May affect medications processed by your liver

Could change how quickly your body absorbs or eliminates certain drugs

Might enhance or reduce the effects of some medications

Always consult your doctor before starting quercetin if you take regular medications to ensure it’s safe for your specific situation.

Quick Recap

Quercetin does more than just fight oxidative stress. This powerful plant compound supports healthy inflammation, boosts immunity, and protects your cells from damage.

It helps your gut, heart, and even exercise recovery. Adding quercetin-rich foods to your daily meals brings multiple health benefits with minimal effort.

Onions, apples, berries, and leafy greens are all excellent sources. Simply including these foods regularly can make a real difference in how you feel.

If you’re thinking about taking a quercetin supplement, it’s best to talk with your healthcare provider first, especially if you’re on medication or have any health conditions. They can help you decide if it’s right for you and how to use it safely.

Referenced Sources:

Woman staring at wooden chess board, contemplating her next move

Science Backs These 11 Brain Health Supplements

Written by Jinfiniti Science on May 5, 2025. Posted in Memory Loss and Brain Fog, Creatine, NAD+ Precursors, Supplements.

Struggling to find brain supplements that actually work? We’ve been there too.

We wanted to know which supplements are worth your money and which are just expensive placebos.

So we rolled up our sleeves, dove into the research, and separated scientific fact from brain booster fiction. Here’s what actually works for your memory and brain, according to rigorous studies.

Key Takeaways

Scientific studies support several brain health supplements with notable evidence, including omega-3s, creatine, bioavailable curcumin and berry polyphenols.
Supplements work best when complementing healthy lifestyle foundations rather than as standalone solutions.
Testing biomarkers before supplementing creates a personalized approach that’s more effective than taking multiple supplements without direction.

Why Brain Health Matters

Have you noticed the gap between how long people live and how well they live?

Most of us will live to about 80 years, but many only enjoy good health until around 60. Those extra 20 years often include cognitive struggles that nobody wants to experience.

Your brain influences everything that makes life worth living. Good memory helps you treasure experiences. Mental clarity lets you solve problems. Focus keeps you productive. Mood stability maintains your relationships.

Taking care of your brain isn’t just about avoiding dementia. It’s about living fully right now and maintaining your independence and personality as you age.

The growing body of evidence suggests certain supplements might help you take a proactive stance toward brain health, though they’re most effective as companions to a brain-friendly lifestyle.

How We Evaluated These Supplements

We prioritized scientific evidence when analyzing these brain health and memory supplements. Our team examined peer-reviewed research including clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses to determine which compounds truly support cognitive function.

Each supplement was evaluated based on strength of clinical evidence, safety profile, and mechanism of action. We considered both immediate cognitive effects and long-term potential for healthy brain function.

Supplement Safety Note

Top 11 Supplements for Brain Health

Here are the 11 best supplements for brain health supported by scientific studies.

Jump to section:

Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA & DHA)
Bacopa Monnieri
Phosphatidylserine (PS)
Creatine
Curcumin (from Turmeric)
Ginkgo Biloba
Lion’s Mane Mushroom
B Vitamins (Folate, B6, B12)
Vitamin D
NAD+ Precursors (NMN and NR)
Berry Polyphenols

1. Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA & DHA)

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential nutrients your body cannot produce on its own. The most important types for brain health are EPA and DHA, found in fatty fish, fish oil supplements, and algal oil supplements.

How it Works: DHA forms a major part of neuronal membranes, influencing their fluidity and the function of embedded proteins. Omega-3s have anti-inflammatory properties, creating compounds called resolvins and protectins that reduce brain inflammation. They also affect neurotransmitter systems, cerebral blood flow, and genes involved in brain cell growth.

The Science:

Observational studies link higher fish/omega-3 intake with lower risk of cognitive decline and dementia^[1]
Supplementation helps individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) slow further decline^[2]
Meta-analysis found benefits for executive function in adults without dementia^[3]
High-dose EPA+DHA (3.36 g/day) slowed cognitive aging in people with coronary artery disease^[2]

Typical Dosage:

Benefits for executive function seen with >500 mg combined EPA+DHA daily
Cardiovascular patient study used 3.36 grams per day
MCI trials used 1-2 grams daily
General health recommendations (250-500 mg/day) may be too low for brain benefits

Side Effects and Safety:

Generally safe at typical doses
May cause fishy aftertaste or mild digestive issues
Higher doses (>3 grams/day) can have blood-thinning effects
May increase bleeding risk with anticoagulant medications
Consult healthcare provider if on medications or have bleeding disorders

Verdict: Omega-3 supplements show moderate to strong evidence for brain health, with best results for preventing decline rather than treating established disease. Earlier supplementation works better than late intervention. DHA is crucial for brain structure.

2. Bacopa Monnieri

Bacopa Monnieri (or Brahmi) is a perennial herb that holds a prominent place in Ayurvedic medicine, where it’s been used for centuries as a memory enhancer and nerve tonic. Its medicinal properties come from compounds in the leaves called bacosides, which are the primary active constituents responsible for its cognitive effects.

How it Works: Bacopa modulates the cholinergic system, which is crucial for learning and memory, by affecting acetylcholine release and receptor binding. It offers neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus (the brain’s memory center) and has adaptogenic properties that help the brain manage stress.

The Science:

Meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials found significant improvements in cognitive performance^[4]
Studies show shortened completion time on the Trail Making Test Part B (executive function)^[4]
Research demonstrates decreased choice reaction time (improved processing speed)^[4]
Systematic review of six RCTs highlighted consistent improvements in memory free recall^[5]
Beneficial effects observed in 9 out of 17 memory tests across reviewed studies^[5]

Typical Dosage:

Standardized extracts: 300-450 mg per day, often in divided doses
Study in medical students used 150 mg twice daily of Bacognize® extract
Acute studies tested single doses of 320 mg or 640 mg of CDRI 08 extract
Most studies showing benefits involved dosing periods of at least 12 weeks

Side Effects and Safety:

Generally well-tolerated with a high therapeutic index
Most common side effects are mild and gastrointestinal
May cause nausea, abdominal cramps, bloating
Potential theoretical interactions with sedative medications
Possible interactions with thyroid hormones or drugs affecting the cholinergic system

Verdict: Bacopa Monnieri has moderate to strong evidence supporting efficacy for improving memory recall and attention/processing speed. The research consistently shows benefits when standardized extracts are used daily for at least 6-12 weeks.

3. Phosphatidylserine (PS)

Phosphatidylserine is a natural phospholipid highly concentrated in brain cell membranes, especially in the cerebral cortex. Your body produces some PS, but you also get small amounts from foods like fish and organ meats.

How it Works: PS maintains the fluidity and structure of neuronal cell membranes, which is essential for proper signaling between brain cells. This supports neurotransmitter release and receptor function, processes crucial for learning and memory.

The Science:

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses show PS improves memory performance in elderly individuals with cognitive decline^[6]
A recent clinical trial with 190 older adults with MCI found significant improvements in short-term memory, arithmetic ability, and abstract reasoningl^[7]
The FDA has authorized a qualified health claim that PS may reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly (though noting evidence is limited)^[6]
Research using PS for subjective memory complaints shows promising results for memory abilities^[8]
Studies suggest PS may help with symptoms of inattention in children with ADHD^[9]

Typical Dosage:

For cognitive support in older adults: 100-300 mg daily
For children with ADHD: 200-300 mg daily
Most studies showing benefits used at least 6-12 weeks of consistent supplementation

Side Effects and Safety:

Generally well-tolerated with few reported adverse effects
Mild digestive discomfort possible but uncommon
Theoretical interaction with blood-thinning medications (due to effects on cell membranes)
Possible interaction with medications affecting the cholinergic system

Verdict: PS shows moderate evidence for improving memory in age-related cognitive decline and MCI. The most consistent cognitive benefit is enhanced short-term memory, making it one of the better-supported supplements for this specific domain.

4. Creatine

Creatine is a naturally occurring compound formed from amino acids that your body produces and you get from meat and fish. Your brain contains significant amounts of creatine and depends on it for optimal energy production.

How it Works: Creatine functions as a cellular energy buffer in your brain, rapidly regenerating ATP during periods of high mental demand. This helps maintain optimal brain energy levels when you’re mentally fatigued, sleep-deprived, or performing challenging cognitive tasks.

The Science:

Meta-analyses show creatine supplementation enhances memory, particularly in older adults (aged 66-76 years)^[10]
Clinical studies demonstrate that creatine significantly reduces cognitive decline during sleep deprivation^[11]
A single high dose of creatine improved cognitive processing speed during sleep deprivation^[11]
Creatine supplementation lessened declines in psychomotor skills, reaction time, and balance during 24 hours without sleep^[12]
Creatine’s brain benefits appear most pronounced for tasks requiring prefrontal cortex resources^[12]
Higher baseline brain creatine levels correlate with better recognition memory^[13]

Typical Dosage:

Maintenance dose: 3-5 grams daily (standard for general health)
For cognitive benefits: 5-20 grams daily (higher end for acute situations)
Some studies used loading phases (20 grams daily for 5-7 days, often divided into 4 doses)
For brain effects, higher daily doses may be necessary (5+ grams) as the brain shows less efficient uptake than muscle

Side Effects and Safety:

Generally considered safe for healthy individuals
Most common side effect is water retention, causing slight weight gain
Higher doses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, bloating, or diarrhea
Dividing the daily dose into smaller portions may reduce digestive issues
Pre-existing kidney disease, high blood pressure, or liver disease warrants caution
May interact with caffeine, NSAIDs, or diuretics

Verdict: Creatine has moderate evidence supporting memory benefits and cognitive resilience during stress or sleep deprivation. It acts like a “cognitive buffer” that maintains performance when your brain faces challenging conditions.

5. Curcumin (from Turmeric)

Curcumin is the primary active compound in turmeric, the bright yellow-orange spice common in curries. While turmeric contains multiple beneficial components, curcumin appears responsible for many of the cognitive benefits.

How it Works: Curcumin reduces neuroinflammation by blocking inflammatory pathways and neutralizing harmful free radicals that damage brain cells. Some research suggests it may also help clear amyloid-beta plaques and boost levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

The Science:

Meta-analysis found significant improvement in working memory across various populations^[14]
Showed borderline significant benefit for processing speed^[14]
A trial using a highly bioavailable curcumin complex at 400mg twice daily for six months improved cognitive function in moderate Alzheimer’s disease patients^[15]
Benefits primarily found with enhanced bioavailable formulations (standard curcumin has very poor absorption)^[16]
Multiple systematic reviews confirm curcumin’s improvement of working memory across diverse adult groups^[17]

Typical Dosage:

Highly dependent on the specific formulation used
Special formulations: 80-160mg (Longvida®), 180-360mg (Theracumin®), or 800mg daily (CurQfen®)
Standard curcumin extracts: Often need 1+ gram daily but with questionable bioavailability
Taking with a meal containing fat slightly enhances curcumin absorption
Black pepper extract increases curcumin bioavailability by blocking its breakdown

Side Effects and Safety:

Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA
Gastrointestinal effects most common (stomach upset, nausea, diarrhea)
May have mild blood-thinning properties (caution with anticoagulants)
Allergic reactions possible in sensitive individuals
Potential drug interactions through effects on drug-metabolizing enzymes

Verdict: Curcumin shows moderate evidence for improving working memory, but results depend entirely on using bioavailable formulations. Standard turmeric powder or basic curcumin supplements have extremely poor absorption and likely provide minimal brain benefits.

6. Ginkgo Biloba

Ginkgo biloba extract comes from the leaves of one of the oldest living tree species on earth, used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. In modern times, it’s become one of the most researched herbal medicines for cognitive health.

How it Works: Ginkgo improves cerebral blood flow and has potent antioxidant properties that protect brain cells from damage. It may also influence neurotransmitter systems and block inflammatory factors affecting brain function.

The Science:

Meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials found moderate but significant cognitive benefits in Alzheimer’s, vascular, and mixed dementia patients^[18]
Another systematic review showed significant improvements in cognition and activities of daily living^[19]
Benefits primarily associated with the standardized extract EGb 761® at 240mg daily^[19]
Particularly effective for patients with both cognitive decline and neuropsychiatric symptoms like depression or agitation^[19]
Results distinguish between standardized extracts and generic preparations^[20]

Typical Dosage:

240mg daily of the standardized extract EGb 761® (the most consistently studied form)
Studies typically lasted 12-52 weeks
Results specifically tied to this standardized extract and dosage
Consistency in using a standardized product is important for potential benefits

Side Effects and Safety:

Generally well-tolerated with side effect rates similar to placebo in clinical trials
Blood-thinning properties may increase bleeding risk
May interact with anticoagulant medications (warfarin), antiplatelet drugs (aspirin), and NSAIDs
Potential interactions with antidepressants, anticonvulsants, or drugs metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes
Consultation with a healthcare provider recommended, especially if taking other medications

Verdict: Ginkgo shows moderate evidence supporting the standardized extract EGb 761® at 240mg daily for managing symptoms in diagnosed dementia. Product quality matters greatly and benefits apply specifically to this extract.

7. Lion’s Mane Mushroom

Lion’s Mane is an edible medicinal mushroom recognizable by its white, shaggy appearance resembling a lion’s mane. This unique fungus has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine for supporting nervous system health.

How it Works: Lion’s Mane contains compounds that stimulate Nerve Growth Factor production, supporting the survival and function of brain cells. It also has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may protect against neuroinflammation.

The Science:

Strong preclinical evidence shows NGF-stimulating activity and neuroprotective effects^[21]
Study in older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) found significant cognitive improvements after 16 weeks of taking 250mg Lion’s Mane powder daily^[22]
Another trial showed cognitive enhancements in participants consuming 2.4g daily for 12 weeks^[22]
Acute study in young, healthy adults found improved performance on the Stroop task (measuring executive function) with a single 1.8g dose^[22]
Research shows potential mood benefits – one study found improvements in anxiety and depression measures after 8 weeks^[22]
High-dose acute study found improvements in fine motor skills but no significant global cognitive effects^[22]

Typical Dosage:

Studies in MCI used 250mg of powder daily or 2.4g daily
Acute cognitive studies used single doses of 1.8g or 3g of a 10:1 extract
The distinction between raw mushroom powder and extracts is important (extracts are more concentrated)
Fruiting body extracts (high in hericenones) vs. mycelium extracts (high in erinacines) may have different effects
Optimal dosage not fully established – ranges from 250mg to 3g daily depending on form and concentration

Side Effects and Safety:

Generally considered safe as an edible mushroom with a history of culinary use
Clinical studies report minimal adverse effects
Mild digestive discomfort possible in sensitive individuals
Allergic reactions (such as skin rash) may occur rarely
Limited data on interactions with medications

Verdict: Lion’s Mane shows strong preclinical evidence but limited human data, with most promising results in mild cognitive impairment or mood concerns. Its unique neurotrophic properties make it compelling for brain health, though more research is needed on optimal forms and doses.

8. B Vitamins (Folate, B6, B12)

Folate, B6, and B12 are essential water-soluble vitamins critical for brain function. These vitamins work together in crucial biochemical pathways affecting everything from DNA synthesis to neurotransmitter production.

How it Works: These B vitamins serve as vital cofactors in homocysteine metabolism, with elevated homocysteine strongly linked to cognitive decline. They also support neurotransmitter synthesis, myelin formation, and methylation reactions essential for neuronal health.

The Science:

Strong, consistent evidence shows B vitamin supplementation effectively lowers homocysteine levels^[23]
Despite successfully reducing homocysteine, meta-analyses of RCTs show predominantly neutral results for cognitive function^[24]
Several large reviews found no significant benefit on cognitive decline, global cognition, or specific cognitive domains^[25]
A more recent 2021 meta-analysis found significant benefits for slowing cognitive decline with interventions longer than 12 months and in non-dementia populations with early intervention^[26]
Strong observational link between lower folate levels (more than B12 or B6) and increased dementia risk^[26]
Higher dietary folate intake associated with decreased dementia risk in cohort studies^[26]

Typical Dosage:

Folic acid: 400 mcg to 2.5 mg daily
Vitamin B12: 20 mcg to 1000 mcg daily
Vitamin B6: 20 mg to 50 mg daily
Dosages for correcting deficiency may differ from cognitive enhancement goals
Higher doses may be necessary for those with absorption issues

Side Effects and Safety:

Generally safe at recommended doses
Very high B6 intake over prolonged periods can cause peripheral neuropathy
High folic acid can mask B12 deficiency, potentially delaying diagnosis of this serious condition
Important to assess B12 status before starting high-dose folic acid supplementation
Excess B vitamins typically excreted in urine

Verdict: B vitamins effectively lower homocysteine but show conflicting evidence for cognitive benefits despite strong observational links to dementia risk. Maintaining adequate B vitamin status remains important, but supplements may only benefit specific subgroups with deficiencies or those beginning intervention early.

9. Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a unique nutrient that functions more like a hormone than a typical vitamin, produced when skin is exposed to sunlight. Your brain has extensive vitamin D receptors, suggesting important neurological functions beyond its well-known role in bone health.

How it Works: Vitamin D binds to receptors in brain cells and regulates hundreds of genes affecting neurotransmitter synthesis, neurotrophic factors, and inflammation. It also modulates calcium levels in neurons and may improve cerebral blood flow.

The Science:

Robust observational evidence consistently links lower vitamin D levels to poorer cognitive function^[27]
Prospective studies show vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L or <20 ng/mL) significantly increases risk of cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease^[28]
A dose-response relationship exists – dementia risk increases as vitamin D levels fall^[28]
Despite strong observational associations, intervention trials have been disappointing^[29]
Meta-analysis of supplementation studies found no significant benefit on cognitive outcomes in adults without dementia^[30]

Typical Dosage:

Targets based on blood levels rather than fixed dosing
Aim for levels associated with lower dementia risk: 77.5-100 nmol/L (31-40 ng/mL)
Supplementation needs vary dramatically based on baseline levels, age, weight, location, and genetics
Dosing should ideally be guided by blood testing and healthcare provider recommendations
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) typically more effective than D2 (ergocalciferol)

Side Effects and Safety:

Generally safe at recommended doses
Toxicity possible but rare with typical supplements (usually requires >10,000 IU/day for extended periods)
Symptoms of toxicity include nausea, vomiting, weakness, frequent urination, and kidney problems
May interact with certain medications, including steroids and some weight-loss drugs
Regular blood level monitoring recommended with higher-dose supplementation

Verdict: Vitamin D shows strong observational links to cognitive health but disappointing results in intervention trials. Focus on achieving optimal blood levels (77.5-100 nmol/L) through a combination of sun exposure, diet, and supplementation guided by testing.

10. NAD+ Precursors (NMN and NR)

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) are naturally occurring molecules that convert to NAD+, a critical coenzyme involved in hundreds of metabolic reactions. While found in small amounts in foods like broccoli and avocado, supplemental NMN and NR aim to boost declining NAD+ levels that naturally fall with age.

How They Work: Both NMN and NR increase cellular NAD+ levels through slightly different pathways, powering mitochondrial health and activating enzymes like sirtuins that regulate metabolism and cellular repair. This supports cellular resilience against age-related damage and enhances brain energy metabolism.

The Science:

Animal studies show NMN effectively increases NAD+ levels in various tissues, including the brain^[31]
In mouse models, NMN prevented cognitive impairment caused by chemotherapy drugs (“chemo brain”)^[32]
NMN restored mitochondrial function in Alzheimer’s disease models and improved neurovascular coupling^[33]
Protected against traumatic brain injury and improved outcomes in rodent models^[34]
Multiple animal studies show that NR supplementation improves learning, memory, and overall cognitive function^[35]
NR supplementation consistently reduced markers of neuroinflammation in animal studies^[36]

Typical Dosage:

NMN: Human studies reporting increased blood NAD+ levels used NMN doses ranging from 250 mg to 900 mg daily
NR: Clinical trials have used doses between 100mg and 2000mg daily, with 250-1000mg being most common
Optimal dosage for cognitive effects cannot be determined from current evidence

Side Effects and Safety:

Both compounds are generally well-tolerated in short-term human studies
Reported adverse events typically mild (abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, gas)
Long-term safety data from large populations is lacking

Verdict: NMN and NR show strong preclinical evidence but we still need more human data for improving cognitive health. Still, the role of NAD+ in brain energy metabolism and cellular repair makes these precursors compelling for those interested in supporting long-term brain health.

11. Polyphenols and Berry-Based Supplements

Berry polyphenols are powerful plant compounds found abundantly in blueberries, strawberries, blackcurrants, and other berries.

How They Work: Berry polyphenols can cross the blood-brain barrier, fight harmful free radicals, reduce brain inflammation, and boost BDNF, a protein that helps brain cells form new connections. They also improve blood flow to your brain and help brain cells produce more energy.

The Science:

Controlled trials show freeze-dried blueberry or strawberry supplements improve executive function and memory in older adults^[37]
Grape and blueberry polyphenol extracts enhance episodic memory in elderly with lower baseline memory performance^[38]
Research in healthy young adults found berry polyphenol extracts improve working memory and attention during sustained cognitive effort^[39]
Standardized grape-blueberry extracts improve processing speed and visuospatial learning in those with mild cognitive impairment^[40]
Supplementation increases levels of BDNF and CREB proteins critical for neuroprotection^[41]

Typical Dosage:

Studies typically use 400-600mg daily of standardized berry polyphenol extracts
Blueberry trials often use 12-24g of freeze-dried powder (equivalent to 1-2 cups of fresh berries)
Benefits observed with consistent supplementation for 3-6 months
Acute cognitive effects noted with single doses of 300-500mg in some studies
Combining multiple berry types may provide synergistic benefits through diverse polyphenol profiles

Side Effects and Safety:

Generally recognized as safe with minimal reported adverse effects
Mild digestive discomfort possible but uncommon at typical doses
Theoretical interaction with blood-thinning medications due to mild antiplatelet effects
May affect blood sugar levels slightly in sensitive individuals
Potential interaction with medications metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes

Verdict: Berry polyphenols show moderate to strong evidence for cognitive benefits across the lifespan. They appear particularly effective for enhancing memory and executive function in both healthy individuals and those experiencing cognitive decline.

Building Your Brain Health Supplement Plan

Brain health is personal. Your unique biology means what works for others might not work for you. This is where Jinfiniti’s precision approach makes all the difference.

Before adding supplements to your routine:

Establish healthy foundations – quality sleep, physical activity, and brain-supportive nutrition
Test your biomarkers with Jinfiniti’s AgingSOS and NAD+ Test kits to establish a baseline
Target specific concerns with evidence-based supplements rather than taking everything at once

Our science-backed formulations include key ingredients from our top 10 list:

Vitality↑® NAD+ Booster combines NMN and creatine in a formulation that supports both long-term cellular repair and immediate brain energy needs
Extra Strength Turmeric+ delivers curcumin with maximum bioavailability for working memory support

A Good Place to Start: Start with our NAD Optimization® Starter Package that includes two Intracellular NAD+ Tests plus Vitality↑® NAD+ Booster. This allows you to measure your baseline and track your progress.

Remember, extending your healthspan means keeping your brain vibrant and your mind sharp as you age. Testing first leads to better results.

Bottom Line on Brain Supplements

Evidence for brain health supplements varies widely, with some showing promising results for specific cognitive domains. The strongest science supports omega-3s, phosphatidylserine, bacopa, and properly formulated curcumin.

Testing your cellular biomarkers first, like NAD+ levels, creates a personalized approach that’s more likely to deliver meaningful results. Jinfiniti’s testing solutions paired with targeted supplements like Vitality↑® NAD+ Booster offer a comprehensive strategy for extending your cognitive healthspan.

Remember that supplements complement but don’t replace brain-healthy lifestyle fundamentals.

Referenced Sources

Two older adults practicing yoga poses on mats in a grassy park with trees in the background

Energy Homeostasis: How Your Body Works to Balance Energy

Written by Jinfiniti Science on May 3, 2025. Posted in Energy and Fatigue.

Ever wondered how your body maintains its energy levels?

Your body has a built-in balancing system called energy homeostasis. This system works around the clock to keep your energy intake and output in perfect harmony.

Understanding this system can help you manage your weight and improve your overall health.

Key Takeaways

Energy homeostasis is your body’s system for balancing energy intake and expenditure
Your brain (particularly the hypothalamus) acts as the control center for energy balance
Multiple hormones like leptin and ghrelin regulate hunger, satiety and metabolism
Diet, exercise, sleep quality, and stress all influence your energy balance
NAD+ also plays a role in cellular energy production and declines with age

What Is Energy Homeostasis?

Energy homeostasis is your body’s automatic balancing act between calories in and calories out.

Think of it as your body’s personal accounting system. It’s constantly tracking what you eat and how much energy you use.

This tracking happens through a network of hormones, brain signals, and biological processes. When this system works well, your weight stays stable.

The science behind it comes from a basic thermodynamic principle: energy can’t be destroyed, only gained, lost, or stored.

This gives us a simple equation to remember:

Energy Balance = Energy Intake – Energy Expenditure

When your intake equals your expenditure, you maintain your weight.

Eat more than you burn? You gain weight.

Burn more than you eat? You lose weight.

The regulation of energy balance is a complex process that involves multiple organs and systems working together.

Why Energy Homeostasis Matters for You

Two older adults practicing yoga outdoors in a park setting

Your body’s energy balance system is essential for your survival and health. Without it, your cells wouldn’t get consistent energy for basic functions.

When it works properly, you have enough energy for everything from breathing to running. It also prevents excess energy storage that leads to weight gain and health problems.

Your brain (specifically the hypothalamus) acts as the command center for this entire operation. It receives signals from throughout your body about energy levels and makes adjustments.

The central nervous system integrates all these signals to maintain optimal energy levels. Glucose homeostasis is particularly important, as blood sugar provides immediate energy for your cells.

Breaking Down Energy Balance: The Two Key Players

To understand energy homeostasis, you need to know about its two main components. Let’s look at what goes in and what goes out.

Energy Intake: What Goes In

Energy intake is simply the calories you consume through what you eat and drink. These calories come from three main sources: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Your hunger signals (controlled by your brain) tell you when to eat. But psychological factors like stress, social situations, and food preferences also affect how much you eat.

Energy Expenditure: What Goes Out

Your body burns energy in three main ways:

Basal Metabolism (BMR): This is the energy your body uses just to stay alive. Think breathing, pumping blood, and maintaining body temperature. It accounts for 60-75% of your daily energy use. Even when you’re completely still, you’re burning calories.^[1]
Digesting Food (TEF): Your body uses energy to process the food you eat. This accounts for about 10% of your total energy use.^[2]Protein requires more energy to digest than fats or carbs.
Physical Activity: This includes both intentional exercise and all your other movements throughout the day (fidgeting, standing, walking around). This can make up 15-30% of your energy use and varies greatly between people.^[3]

Your body can also adjust how many calories it burns in response to environmental conditions. For example, you burn more calories when you’re cold as your body works to maintain temperature.^[4]

The regulation of food intake and energy expenditure work together to achieve balance.

Your Body’s Control System: How Energy Balance Works

A model brain on a turquoise plate against a peach background.

Your body uses a sophisticated network of signals to keep your energy in balance.

Your Brain as Command Center

Your brain—especially the hypothalamus—acts as the control tower for energy balance. It collects information from throughout your body about energy levels.^[5]

It then sends out signals to adjust your hunger, satiety, and energy expenditure. Different areas within the hypothalamus handle specific tasks related to appetite control.

The hypothalamic control of metabolism is central to maintaining energy homeostasis. Through various neural circuits, your brain can regulate energy usage throughout your body.

Hormones and Molecules: Your Body’s Chemical Messengers

Your body uses several key hormones and molecules to regulate hunger and energy use:

Ghrelin: This is your “I’m hungry” hormone. Your stomach releases it when empty, signaling your brain that it’s time to eat. Its levels peak before meals and drop after you eat. Ever feel your stomach growling before lunch? That’s ghrelin at work.^[6]
Leptin: This is your “I’m full” hormone. Your fat cells produce it to tell your brain about your energy stores. More body fat means more leptin, which should signal that you have enough energy stored. Leptin signaling helps you feel satisfied after eating and increases energy expenditure.^[7]
Incretins: These hormones are released from your intestines when you eat. One type (GLP-1) helps you feel full and can promote weight loss. Another type (GIP) influences how your body stores energy in fat cells.[8] Some newer weight loss medications work by mimicking GLP-1.
NAD+: Unlike hormones, NAD+ is a coenzyme that acts as your cells’ energy currency. It plays a critical role in over 500 different cellular reactions related to energy production. Your NAD+ levels naturally decline with age, which can impact your cellular energy efficiency. This decline is linked to many aspects of metabolic health and aging.[9]
Other Molecules: Scientists continue discovering more chemical messengers involved in energy balance, including specialized proteins and bile acids.^[10]

The interaction between food intake and energy usage depends on these complex signaling systems.

Neural Networks: Your Appetite Control System

Your hypothalamus contains two main types of nerve cells that regulate appetite:

POMC neurons: These are your “stop eating” cells. When activated by leptin, they release chemicals that reduce your appetite and increase your energy expenditure.^[11]
AgRP neurons: These are your “start eating” cells. They increase hunger and are activated by ghrelin (when you’re hungry) and inhibited by leptin (when you’ve had enough).^[12]

These neural networks communicate with other brain regions to coordinate when you feel hungry or full. The control of energy homeostasis depends on the precise functioning of these neural circuits.

Your body’s ability to regulate energy homeostasis determines how efficiently you use and store energy.

What Affects Your Energy Balance?

Various health foods spread out on a white background

Many factors can influence how your body manages energy balance.

What You Eat

The types of food you eat—not just the calories—affect your energy balance. Different nutrients impact your satiety, metabolism, and hormone levels in unique ways.

Protein, for example, helps you feel fuller longer than the same calories from carbs or fats. It also requires more energy to digest, boosting your metabolism slightly.^[13]

A high-protein breakfast might help you eat less throughout the day. The control of energy intake through food choices significantly impacts your overall balance.

How You Move

Physical activity is a powerful tool for managing your energy balance.

Regular exercise burns calories directly while you’re moving. It also improves your metabolic health, making your body more efficient.^[14]

Exercise affects your muscles, heart, and other body systems in ways that support energy balance. Even small increases in daily movement can make a significant difference over time.

Your Genetic Blueprint

Your genetic makeup influences how your body handles energy.^[15] Some people naturally have faster metabolisms than others.

Your genes can affect your appetite regulation and how easily you store fat. This explains why weight management strategies need to be personalized.

Your friend’s diet plan might not work for you because of genetic differences.

Your Environment

The world around you impacts your energy balance in surprising ways:

Temperature affects how many calories you burn. Being cold increases energy expenditure
Stress can trigger hunger hormones and emotional eating patterns^[16]
Sleep deprivation disrupts hunger hormones and can increase appetite^[17]
Food availability and portion sizes in your environment influence how much you eat

Your Age and Sex

Your metabolic rate naturally changes as you age. Most people’s metabolism slows down as they get older. This means you may need fewer calories at 50 than you did at 20.^[18]

Hormonal differences between men and women also affect energy balance. These differences explain why weight management strategies may need to differ by age and sex.^[19]

Why Energy Balance Matters for Your Health

A glucose meter and sugar cubes on a turquoise plate against a pink background.

Energy homeostasis affects virtually every aspect of your health. Understanding these connections helps you make informed health decisions.

Weight Management Challenges

Energy imbalance is the core issue in weight problems.

When you consistently consume more energy than you burn, your body stores the excess as fat. This leads to weight gain over time and can eventually result in obesity.^[20]

But your body also resists weight loss through various defense mechanisms.

When you reduce calories, your body often responds by:

Decreasing your metabolic rate
Increasing hunger hormones
Reducing energy expenditure

This explains why sustainable weight management requires long-term strategies. Quick fixes typically fail because they don’t account for these biological adaptations.

Effective control of energy balance requires understanding these adaptive responses.

Metabolism

Energy imbalance can trigger metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes.^[21]

Excess energy storage disrupts insulin sensitivity. This impairs your body’s ability to regulate blood sugar effectively.

Understanding energy homeostasis helps scientists develop better treatments. It also explains why lifestyle interventions that restore energy balance often improve metabolic health.

Heart Health

Maintaining energy balance supports cardiovascular health^[22] in multiple ways:

It helps regulate blood pressure and cholesterol levels
It reduces inflammation throughout your body
It supports healthy body composition

These factors together lower your risk of heart disease.

Brain Function and Mood

Your energy balance affects your brain function and mental health^[23]:

Hunger hormones influence not just appetite but also mood and cognition
Balanced energy metabolism provides steady fuel for brain function
Energy imbalances can contribute to mood swings and cognitive difficulties

Maintaining stable energy levels supports psychological well-being.

Practical Strategies for Optimizing Your Energy Balance

Here are actionable strategies for energy balance regulation you can implement today:

Smart Eating Approaches

Build your meals around foods that promote satiety and stable energy
Include protein at every meal to boost fullness and increase thermic effect
Add fiber-rich vegetables and whole grains to slow digestion and stabilize blood sugar
Choose nutrient-dense foods that provide vitamins and minerals your metabolism needs
Limit highly processed foods that can disrupt hunger signals
Pay attention to portion sizes without becoming obsessive

Movement That Works For You

Find physical activities you genuinely enjoy so you’ll stick with them.

Combine different types of exercise for maximum benefit:

Cardiovascular exercise burns calories and improves heart health
Strength training builds muscle and boosts metabolism
Daily movement (taking stairs, walking more) adds up significantly

Remember that consistency matters more than intensity. Even modest increases in physical activity improve energy balance.

Sleep and Stress Solutions

Prioritize 7-9 hours of quality sleep every night.

Poor sleep disrupts hunger hormones and increases cravings.

Manage stress through techniques that work for you:

Meditation or deep breathing
Time in nature
Social connection
Enjoyable hobbies

Both inadequate sleep and chronic stress can sabotage your energy balance efforts.

Supporting Cellular Energy Production

Your cellular energy systems need proper support to function optimally.

NAD+ levels are particularly important for energy production at the cellular level. As you age, NAD+ naturally declines, potentially affecting your energy metabolism.

Knowing your NAD+ levels can provide valuable insight into your cellular health.

Jinfiniti’s first-of-its-kind Intracellular NAD+ Test offers a way to measure your actual NAD+ levels through a simple finger-prick blood sample.

This test helps you determine if your cellular energy systems have the resources they need. Based on your results, you can take targeted action to optimize your NAD+ levels.

Supplements containing NAD+ precursors may provide your body with the building blocks to produce more NAD+.

Our Vitality↑ NAD+ Booster combines these precursors with synergistic ingredients that work through multiple metabolic pathways to effectively increase NAD+ levels.

This approach follows our “Test, Act, Optimize” methodology for precision health improvement.

Intracellular NAD Test promotional image

Personalized Approach

Recognize that your energy needs are unique to you. What works for someone else might not work for you.

Pay attention to how your body responds to different foods and exercise. Adjust your approach based on your age, activity level, and individual needs.

Consider working with healthcare providers for personalized guidance.

Putting It All Together

Energy homeostasis is your body’s built-in system for maintaining energy balance. Understanding this system helps you make better health choices.

Your body constantly works to balance energy intake and expenditure through complex hormonal and neural networks. Many factors influence this balance, including diet, activity, genetics, environment, age, and sex.

Energy imbalances can lead to weight issues, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular problems, and even affect mental health.

You can support healthy energy homeostasis through strategic food choices, regular physical activity, adequate sleep, and effective stress management.

Activities that increase energy expenditure, combined with mindful eating, create the foundation for balance.

Remember that small, consistent actions add up to significant results over time.

Referenced Sources

Why Take Quercetin with Bromelain? 7 Health Benefits to Know

Written by Jinfiniti Science on May 2, 2025. Posted in Quercetin, Supplements. No Comments on Why Take Quercetin with Bromelain? 7 Health Benefits to Know

Nature’s dynamic duo might be hiding in plain sight. When quercetin from apples and onions joins forces with pineapple’s bromelain, something remarkable happens.

The combination of these two natural substances is only just being discovered by health enthusiasts and researchers.

What makes this pairing so special? And why are more people adding this combination to their daily wellness routines?

Key Takeaways

Bromelain enhances quercetin absorption by up to 80%, creating a powerful synergistic effect.
Together they provide anti-inflammatory benefits, immune support, and natural allergy relief.
The combination supports heart health through improved circulation and blood pressure regulation.
Most supplements recommend 500-1,000mg quercetin and 240-960mg bromelain daily.
Consult your healthcare provider before taking either supplement, especially if taking blood thinners or antibiotics.

What Are Quercetin and Bromelain?

Quercetin and bromelain are two well-studied natural compounds often taken together for their combined health benefits. Before we get into why they work so well as a pair, let’s take a closer look at each one on its own.

Quercetin: The Powerful Plant Flavonoid

Ever wonder what gives red onions or blueberries their color? Often, it’s quercetin! This natural pigment is packed into many delicious plant foods.

It’s a type of flavonoid, a fancy word for beneficial compounds made by plants. Eating foods rich in quercetin, like apples (skin on!), grapes, leafy greens, and broccoli, is an easy way to consume it.

Quercetin supplements are known for their antioxidant properties. They help neutralize unstable molecules called free radicals.¹

The protective effects of quercetin are most evident during oxidative stress, when your body needs extra help fighting those pesky free radicals.

Bromelain: The Pineapple Enzyme

Bromelain is a powerful mix of enzymes, mainly found in the stem and juicy parts of pineapples. These enzymes are nature’s protein pros, expertly breaking down proteins.²

Why should you care? It means Bromelain can help your digestion run smoothly. Plus, it’s known for helping soothe puffiness and discomfort, especially after you’ve been active.

Nowadays, many people use Bromelain supplements to tackle swelling and achiness, speed up healing, and keep their gut happy.

Why Quercetin and Bromelain Work Better Together

Quercetin and bromelain may enhance each other’s positive effects when taken together.

Bromelain dramatically improves quercetin’s absorption by up to 80% according to research in the Turkish Journal of Biology.³

Beyond just better absorption, they also work together for stronger results. This pair offers more potent anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic support combined than either could manage alone.⁴

And that’s just scratching the surface of how this duo may support your health goals.

Supplement Safety Note

7 Health Benefits of Quercetin with Bromelain

Infographic showing the top 5 benefits of quercetin and bromelain

Quercetin and bromelain offer a powerful combination for improving your health in several ways. Here are seven key benefits of taking these two natural compounds together.

1. Anti-inflammatory Effects

Quercetin and bromelain may powerfully reduce inflammation. Studies show the duo helps maintain healthy inflammatory response during tissue damage or injury.

Quercetin acts as a natural senolytic, targeting aging cells that cause chronic inflammation. It also blocks leukotriene formation in inflammatory processes.⁵

Bromelain breaks down inflammatory proteins and improves circulation to affected areas.⁶

Animal research shows the combo normalizes inflammatory markers like CRP and ESR and reduces gut inflammation.⁷

2. Immune System Support

Quercetin and bromelain may support immune function. A 2020 medRxiv study found a supplement with quercetin, bromelain, zinc, and vitamin C safe for COVID-19 patients.⁸

Research in Open Health showed these compounds target viral components, including SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, potentially preventing replication.⁹

Another study indicated their anti-inflammatory effects may help manage cytokine storms (when the immune system overreacts) in COVID-19. ¹⁰

While research is promising, more studies are needed to fully establish benefits for immunity.

3. Allergy Relief

For those struggling with seasonal allergies, the quercetin bromelain combination may provide natural relief.

Quercetin blocks allergens and acts as a natural antihistamine by stabilizing mast cells, preventing histamine release.¹¹ This reduces runny nose, itchy eyes, and congestion symptoms.

Bromelain reduces inflammation in nasal passages and respiratory system, easing breathing difficulties.¹² It also improves the absorption of quercetin and enhances its antihistamine effects.

4. Heart Health

Research suggests Quercetin helps maintain healthy blood pressure levels. It protects blood vessels from oxidative damage, contributing to better cardiovascular function.¹³

A Nutrition Research study found quercetin may help regulate cholesterol, supporting its conversion into bile acids and encouraging liver clearance.¹⁴

Bromelain boosts circulation and helps prevent excessive platelet clumping, which lowers blood clot risks.¹⁵ Its anti-inflammatory properties also help keep blood vessel walls healthy.

5. Digestive Health Support

Bromelain’s enzymes help break down proteins found in food.¹⁶ This helps make digestion easier and can reduce feelings like bloating or discomfort after meals.

Meanwhile, quercetin contributes by helping soothe inflammation within the digestive tract.¹⁷ This action can be beneficial for managing conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Quercetin’s antioxidant properties play a part by protecting the intestinal lining, helping maintain gut integrity.

Animal studies also suggest that quercetin increases microbial diversity, enriching health-promoting bacteria in the gut.¹⁸

6. Joint and Muscle Recovery

For those with joint pain, or athletes looking for quicker recovery, combining quercetin and bromelain provides natural support.

Quercetin helps mainly through its anti-inflammatory effects. Research indicates it can reduce joint pain and swelling.¹⁹ This is beneficial for conditions like arthritis or simple discomfort from physical activity.

Bromelain contributes by breaking down proteins associated with post-exercise muscle soreness and stiffness.²⁰ It also supports better circulation to speed recovery and ease muscle tightness.

Animal research also found the combination reduced arthritis symptoms and inflammatory markers, suggesting additive effects.²¹

7. Uric Acid Reduction

A study in the Journal of Food and Nutrition Research found a supplement with quercetin, bromelain, rutin, and L-carnosine effectively reduced uric acid levels after three months.²²

Bromelain also appears helpful here, as studies show it can break down painful urate crystals that cause gout flare-ups.²³

How to Take Quercetin with Bromelain

To get the most out of quercetin and bromelain benefits, you can include them in your diet through food sources or supplements.

Foods like apples, onions, and green tea are rich in quercetin, while bromelain is primarily found in pineapple.

For a more targeted approach, supplements that combine quercetin and bromelain are available. Look for products with bioavailability enhancers like piperine (black pepper extract).

Jinfiniti’s SenoAid™ is formulated with this in mind. It blends quercetin dihydrate and bromelain with green tea extract and piperine for maximum absorption. Our senolytic complex is crafted to help clear aged cells and support cellular rejuvenation.

Recommended Dosages

The right dosage of quercetin and bromelain depends on the specific health issue you’re addressing. Here’s a helpful table:

Use/Condition	Quercetin Dosage	Bromelain Dosage	Administration Notes
General supplementation	500-1,000 mg daily (divided doses)	240-960 mg daily (80-320 mg, 2-3 times daily)	For bromelain: take on empty stomach unless for digestion
Allergies	500-1,000 mg daily	1,000 mg daily	Take bromelain on an empty stomach
Inflammation/Arthritis	500-1,000 mg daily	400 mg 1-2 times daily (arthritis) 800-1,500 mg daily (general inflammation)	Take bromelain on an empty stomach
Digestion	500-1,000 mg daily	500 mg 3 times daily 1,000-2,000 mg daily	Take bromelain with meals

Important Notes

Optimal doses for quercetin have not been established for any specific condition by health authorities

Do not exceed 1,000 mg daily of quercetin to avoid potential side effects

Quercetin absorption is improved when taken with fatty meals, vitamin C, or bromelain

Bromelain dosage may also be measured in GDU (gelatin digesting units) – approximately 1,500 mg should supply around 6,000 GDU

Consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement, especially if you have existing medical conditions or are taking medications

Potential Side Effects

An image of a woman who might be suffering from side effects

🟢 Low-risk side effects: Stomach discomfort, headaches, and diarrhea occur occasionally. Most people tolerate standard doses well.

🟠 Moderate concerns: These supplements may interact with certain medications like blood thinners or antibiotics.

🔴 Serious cautions: Very high quercetin doses may stress the kidneys. Medical literature documents one case of elevated liver enzymes from combined use.²⁴

The following groups should exercise caution:

Pregnant/nursing women

People with compromised kidney/liver function

Anyone taking prescription medications

Bottom line: Schedule a quick doctor’s visit before starting. Stop immediately if unusual symptoms develop.

How to Choose Quercetin and Bromelain Supplements

An image of a man reviewing a supplement

Quercetin and bromelain supplements come in several forms:

Capsules and tablets: Most common and convenient for consistent dosing

Powders: Offer flexible dosing and can be mixed into drinks or foods

Liquid extracts: Potentially faster absorption for some individuals

Combined formulations: Often include vitamin C, zinc, or other complementary nutrients

Bioavailability

For quercetin, look for dihydrate, phytosome or with added phospholipids for absorption

For bromelain, check that potency is measured in GDU (Gelatin Digesting Units) or MCU (Milk Clotting Units)

Some formulations include piperine (black pepper extract) to improve absorption

Quality Assurance

Choose products that have been third-party tested for purity and potency

Look for certifications like NSF, USP, or Informed Choice

Check for GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) certification

Check for unnecessary fillers, artificial colors, or allergens

Always follow the manufacturer’s recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.

Takeaway: Should You Take Bromelain and Quercetin?

The combination of quercetin and bromelain offers promise for various health conditions including inflammation, arthritis, digestive issues, and allergies.

Both compounds are generally safe, but consult a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, especially with existing health conditions or medications.

As research continues, we may discover more benefits of this dynamic duo. If you’re looking for a natural way to support your health on multiple fronts, this combo is worth considering.

Referenced Sources:

How NAD+ Can Influence Arthritis and Support Joint Health

Written by Jinfiniti Science on April 29, 2025. Posted in NAD+, Arthritis and Pain, NAD, NAD+ Precursors.

Recent research has uncovered fascinating connections between a molecule called NAD+ and joint health.

For the millions who struggle with arthritis, this emerging area of study offers new insights into managing joint discomfort and supporting overall joint function.

Key Takeaways

Multiple studies show people with arthritis have lower NAD+ levels, which may contribute to joint inflammation and damage
NAD+ powers key proteins that regulate inflammation pathways and help maintain joint health
NAD+ precursors have shown benefits in reducing arthritis symptoms and supporting joint function in research models
Individual responses to NAD+ supplementation vary widely, making testing and personalized dosing essential
Understanding your current NAD+ status helps determine the right approach for you

What Is NAD+ and Why Does It Matter for Joint Health?

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a vital molecule found in every cell of your body. Think of it as a cellular fuel that helps your cells:

Create energy from the food you eat
Fight off harmful oxidative stress
Repair damaged DNA
Support your immune system
Keep cells young and healthy

These functions are especially important for your joints, which need constant maintenance and protection.

Research shows that many factors can lower your NAD+ levels¹, including:

Poor diet choices
Infections
Chronic diseases
Aging

When NAD+ levels drop, inflammation often increases – which can be a problem for arthritis sufferers.

NAD+ Levels in Arthritis: What Science Tells Us

A senior checking their hand for arthritis symptoms

Several studies have documented alterations in NAD+ metabolism in patients with various forms of arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients show significantly reduced plasma NAD+ levels compared to healthy individuals.

This NAD+ deficiency appears driven by multiple factors.

Research shows that genes involved in NAD+ consumption—including PARPs (poly-ADP-ribose polymerases), sirtuins (SIRTs), and CD38—are upregulated in rheumatoid arthritis.² Meanwhile, genes responsible for NAD+ biosynthesis are downregulated.

A multi-omics profiling study of collagen-induced arthritis in mice identified early metabolic changes characterized by oxidative stress and a significant drop in NAD+ levels. ³

This suggests that NAD+ depletion may precede and potentially contribute to the inflammatory cascade in arthritis, rather than merely being a consequence of inflammation.

How NAD+ Influences Inflammation and Joint Function

NAD+ impacts joint health through three key pathways:

The Sirtuin Anti-Inflammation Pathway

NAD+ powers proteins called sirtuins, which act as inflammation regulators in your body.

One sirtuin in particular, called SIRT1, works like a volume control for inflammation. When NAD+ levels are healthy, SIRT1 can help:

Turn down excessive inflammation
Regulate an important inflammation controller called NF-κB
Restore balance to your immune response

Studies show that when NAD+ levels drop in arthritis, SIRT1 can’t do its job properly.⁴ This leads to unchecked inflammation and ongoing joint damage.

The CD38 Consumer Problem

CD38 is like a hungry enzyme that eats up NAD+ in your body. People with rheumatoid arthritis often have too much CD38 activity, which means:

Less NAD+ available for important cellular functions
More inflammation signals being produced
Faster progression of joint damage

Research in mice shows that when CD38 is removed or blocked, arthritis symptoms improve significantly.⁵ A new compound called NTX-748 that blocks CD38 has shown promising results in reducing joint inflammation.

The Cellular Compartment Issue

NAD+ needs to be in the right place, not just at the right levels in your body.

Scientists discovered that in rheumatoid arthritis, NAD+ can build up abnormally in certain parts of cells due to a deficiency in an enzyme called QPRT.⁶ This leads to the release of harmful proteins that damage joints.

This finding shows that balancing NAD+ throughout all cellular compartments may be just as important as increasing NAD+ levels.

NAD+ Precursors: Promising Results in Arthritis Models

A woman being checked by her doctor for joint pain

NAD+ precursors are compounds that the body can use to create NAD+. Several of these have shown promising effects in arthritis research:

Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) in Osteoarthritis

Nicotinamide riboside (NR), a potent NAD+ precursor, has shown promising effects in multiple animal models of osteoarthritis.

In a murine model of monoiodoacetate-induced knee osteoarthritis, NR treatment decreased blood and serum levels of oxidative stress biomarkers. It also reduced histological lesions in a manner comparable to hydrolyzed collagen, a commonly prescribed supplement.⁷

Another study investigating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in osteoarthritis found that enhancement of UPRmt with NR significantly improved mitochondrial function and reduced chondrocyte death. It also attenuated osteoarthritis pain and ameliorated disease progression.⁸

Dihydronicotinamide Riboside and Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis

Research shows that dihydronicotinamide riboside (NRH), another orally bioavailable NAD+ precursor, significantly inhibited post-traumatic osteoarthritis development and associated pain in mice.⁹

Similarly, nicotinamide riboside supplementation has been found to modulate pro-fibrotic gene expression in a murine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis, as has CD38 loss of function.

NAD+ Boosters in Rheumatoid Arthritis

In rheumatoid arthritis models, NAD+ boosters have shown potential as novel anti-inflammatory tools.

When peripheral blood mononuclear cells from active RA patients were treated ex vivo with NAD+ boosters—including nicotinamide (NAM) and NR—anti-inflammatory effects were observed.²

Interestingly, estrogen’s protective effects against rheumatoid arthritis may be partially mediated through alterations in nicotinamide metabolism.

A study investigating the impact of 17β-estradiol (E2) on the metabolome of synovial fibroblasts from RA patients found that nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism was highly correlated with E2 treatment.¹⁰

Clinical Evidence: What We Know So Far

Despite promising preclinical findings, clinical evidence for the efficacy of NAD+ precursors in treating arthritis or supporting joint health in humans remains limited.

A comprehensive review of 25 published research articles on human nicotinamide riboside supplementation found that oral NR supplementation has displayed few clinically relevant effects overall.¹¹

However, the review noted that nicotinamide riboside may play a role in reducing inflammatory states and has shown some potential in the treatment of diverse severe diseases.

A twin study investigating long-term NR supplementation found that NR improved systemic NAD+ metabolism, muscle mitochondrial number, myoblast differentiation, and gut microbiota composition.¹²

While this study did not specifically evaluate joint health, the improvements in mitochondrial function and systemic inflammation markers could indirectly benefit joint tissues.

Practical Considerations for NAD+ Supplementation

Currently, there are no official guidelines for NAD+ supplementation. The recommendations we have for vitamin B3 (a basic NAD+ building block) only focus on preventing deficiency diseases – not optimizing cellular health.

Scientists believe that NAD+ precursors like NR could become recommended supplements in the future¹³, but we more research will be helpful to determine:

The most effective NAD+ dosages
Who would benefit most
The best timing and delivery methods
Longer-term safety

Why might your response to NAD+ supplements differ from someone else’s? Several factors affect how your body uses these supplements:

Your current NAD+ levels (which most people don’t know without testing)
Your age and overall metabolic health
Other health conditions you may have
Medications you’re taking that might interact with NAD+ metabolism

If you have arthritis and are considering NAD+ supplementation, it’s best to:

Work with a healthcare provider familiar with NAD+ science
Consider testing your NAD+ levels before and after supplementation
Monitor your symptoms and inflammation markers to see if the approach is working for you

The Jinfiniti Approach to NAD+ Optimization

At Jinfiniti Precision Medicine, we follow our TAO philosophy—Test, Act, Optimize—to support healthy NAD+ levels:

Test

Our Intracellular NAD® Test is the first step to understanding your personal NAD+ status:

Simple finger-prick blood collection you can do at home
Clinical-grade testing of your actual cellular NAD+ levels
Personalized dosage recommendations based on your results

This test solves a critical problem: the same NAD+ dose that helps one person could be ineffective or even harmful for another.

Act

Based on your test results, you can choose from our science-backed NAD+ support options:

Vitality↑® NAD Booster: Our premier supplement containing a precise blend of NAD+ precursors, creatine monohydrate, D-ribose, and niacinamide in a patent-pending formulation.
Pure NMN Powder: A high-purity (99.5% verified) Nicotinamide Mononucleotide supplement for those who prefer a single-ingredient approach.

Optimize

To complete the cycle and ensure your supplementation is effective:

NAD Optimization® Starter Package: This complete solution includes two NAD+ tests (before and after supplementation), our Vitality↑® NAD Booster, and a personalized consultation to help interpret your results.

The Future of NAD+ in Joint Health

The relationship between NAD+ metabolism and joint health is complex but increasingly well-understood. Dysregulation of NAD+ levels, often characterized by systemic depletion and altered expression of NAD+-synthesizing and -consuming enzymes, appears to be a feature of arthritis conditions.

NAD+ precursors and inhibitors of NAD+-consuming enzymes have shown promise in preclinical models of arthritis, suggesting potential therapeutic applications. However, clinical evidence in humans is still limited, indicating a need for further research to translate these findings into effective treatments.

By taking a personalized, data-driven approach to NAD+ optimization, individuals may be able to support their joint health and overall cellular function.

The Jinfiniti TAO methodology—Test, Act, Optimize—provides a framework for this personalized approach, allowing for targeted interventions based on individual biomarker results.

As research in this field continues to evolve, we remain committed to staying at the forefront of NAD+ science and bringing evidence-based solutions to those seeking to optimize their healthspan.