Author: Jinfiniti Science

A row of various supplement capsules on a marble countertop

Reviewing Dr. David Sinclair’s Supplement Regimen in 2025

Written by Jinfiniti Science on March 19, 2025. Posted in Supplements, NAD+, NAD+ Precursors, NMN.

Dr. David Sinclair, Ph.D., is a professor of genetics at Harvard Medical School and one of the world’s foremost researchers on aging and longevity.

His work focuses on understanding why we age and finding ways to slow or reverse aging. Sinclair believes that aging isn’t just inevitable decline but a treatable condition—a biological process we might control through specific interventions.

The supplement routine described below is Dr. Sinclair’s personal protocol based on his understanding of current scientific research and compiled from his public comments in various interviews and podcast appearances.

Important Disclaimer: As a researcher with access to advanced testing and medical oversight, Dr. Sinclair’s choices reflect a higher risk tolerance than might be suitable for most people. This article examines his regimen but is not medical advice. Always talk to your doctor before starting any supplements.

David Sinclair’s Complete Supplement List in 2025

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN): 1 gram daily
Resveratrol: 1 gram daily with yogurt
Spermidine: 1-2 mg daily
Fisetin: 500 mg daily
Vitamin D3: 4,000-5,000 IU daily
Vitamin K2: 180-360 mcg daily
Trimethylglycine (TMG/Betaine): 500-1,000 mg daily
Omega-3 Fish Oil: Dosage not specified
L-Taurine: 2 grams daily
CoQ10: Dosage not specified in recent sources
Metformin: 800-1,000 mg in the evening
Low-Dose Aspirin: 83 mg daily
Rapamycin: Dosage not publicly disclosed

The sections that follow will explore each supplement in detail, covering how they work, the evidence behind them, and practical considerations for anyone interested in longevity.

David Sinclair’s Core Anti-Aging Supplements

Four key supplements form the base of David Sinclair’s anti-aging routine, each targeting specific cellular aging processes.

These core compounds work together on different but related pathways – they boost NAD+ production, activate sirtuins, enhance autophagy (the body’s cellular recycling system), and help clear out harmful senescent cells.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)

What It Is: NAD+ precursor that converts directly to NAD+ in cells. NAD+ is a critical coenzyme that declines with age and is involved in hundreds of metabolic reactions. NMN is one of several compounds that can replenish NAD+ levels, potentially counteracting this age-related decline.
Sinclair’s Dosage: 1 gram daily, taken in the morning with yogurt to enhance absorption. Sinclair specifically mentions that the fat content in yogurt helps with bioavailability.
Claimed Benefits: Supports cellular energy production through enhanced mitochondrial function. May improve DNA repair mechanisms, particularly important as these decline with age. Potentially enhances metabolic flexibility and glucose regulation. Sinclair also suggests it contributes to overall cellular resilience.
Scientific Evidence: Multiple studies show promising results for metabolism¹, physical performance², and various aging markers³. Human clinical trials are limited but growing – several small studies show safety and modest metabolic improvements. The large, long-term human studies needed to validate lifespan or healthspan effects are still in progress or planning stages.
Considerations: High cost (often $100+ monthly at Sinclair’s dosage). Bioavailability may be a challenge. Alternative NAD+ precursors like nicotinamide riboside (NR) have more human clinical data.

Is It Worth Including?: Yes, for those serious about longevity optimization. The promising research on cellular energy and metabolic health makes quality NMN supplements a worthwhile investment, especially for adults over 40 experiencing natural NAD+ decline.

Resveratrol

What It Is: A natural compound found in red wine, grapes, and berries. Acts as a sirtuin activator, especially SIRT1 proteins that help maintain cellular health and longevity.
Sinclair’s Dosage: 1 gram daily with yogurt or fat to improve absorption. Taken alongside NMN for potential synergistic effects.
Claimed Benefits: Activates SIRT1 to boost cellular health and stress resistance. Resveratrol works with NMN to enhance mitochondrial function through increased NAD+. May improve heart health and reduce inflammation.
Scientific Evidence: Results are mixed. Early studies in simple organisms showed promise, but mouse lifespan studies failed to confirm these benefits. Human studies show inconsistent results with only modest improvements.
Considerations: Poor absorption is a major drawback, as most resveratrol breaks down quickly in the body. Supplement quality varies widely. Benefits may follow a U-shaped curve, making correct dosing important.

Is It Worth Including?: Possibly, but keep expectations realistic. While it hasn’t delivered dramatic longevity benefits, there’s some evidence for heart and metabolic improvements. Consider special formulations that improve absorption.

Spermidine

What It Is: A natural compound found in foods like wheat germ, soybeans, aged cheese, and mushrooms. First discovered in semen (hence the name), but exists throughout the body and plants. Spermidine helps with cellular growth, maintenance, and controls autophagy.
Sinclair’s Dosage: 1-2 mg daily as a supplement, though he recommends getting it from food when possible. This low dose reflects the small amounts naturally found in food.
Claimed Benefits: Mainly promotes autophagy—the cellular “self-cleaning” process that removes damaged components. This process is key for cellular renewal and healthy aging. Also said to support DNA stability, reduce inflammation, and improve heart health.
Scientific Evidence: Strong results in animals showing extended lifespan in yeast, flies, worms, and mice. Early human research shows promising links between spermidine intake and lower mortality, better brain function, and improved heart health, though large clinical trials are limited.
Considerations: Food sources may offer additional benefits beyond supplements due to complementary compounds. Best therapeutic dose remains unclear. Safety profile looks good, but long-term supplement data is limited. Relatively affordable compared to other longevity supplements.

Is It Worth Including?: No, despite promising mechanisms and animal results, the human evidence isn’t strong enough to justify regular supplementation. Better to focus on spermidine-rich foods within a varied diet.

Fisetin

What It Is: A natural senolytic compound found in fruits and vegetables like strawberries, apples, and cucumbers. Fisetin targets and removes “zombie” cells (senescent cells) that build up as we age and cause inflammation and tissue problems.
Sinclair’s Dosage: 500 mg daily, taken regularly rather than in cycles. This is much higher than what you’d get from food alone, as it’s used for therapeutic purposes.
Claimed Benefits: Mainly removes zombie cells that cause chronic inflammation. May improve aging tissues by clearing out these harmful cells. Also works as an antioxidant and might protect brain health.
Scientific Evidence: Mouse studies show promising results for healthspan and reduced aging markers. It effectively cleared zombie cells in animal testing. Human studies are still limited but growing, with research exploring effects on various age-related conditions.
Considerations: Sinclair switched from quercetin to fisetin because evidence shows it works better at removing zombie cells. Questions remain about whether daily use or occasional “cleansing” doses work better. The body doesn’t absorb it well, but taking it with fatty foods may help.

Is It Worth Including?: Yes, especially for people over 40 concerned about age-related inflammation. Among senolytic supplements, fisetin has a good safety record and growing scientific support. Removing zombie cells is a compelling way to address a key aging process.

Additional Supplements in Sinclair’s Routine

Beyond his core anti-aging compounds, Sinclair incorporates several additional supplements that support general health and may complement his longevity-focused interventions.

Vitamin D3 & K2

What It Is: Two fat-soluble vitamins that work together in the body. Vitamin D3 is made when your skin is exposed to sunlight, while K2 comes mainly from fermented foods and animal products. They team up to help your body use calcium properly.
Sinclair’s Dosage: 4,000-5,000 IU of Vitamin D3 daily and 180-360 mcg of Vitamin K2 daily. Sinclair prefers the MK-7 form of K2 because it stays in your body longer and is better absorbed than other forms.
Claimed Benefits: Strengthens bones by directing calcium to the right places. Boosts immune system and reduces inflammation. Protects heart health by preventing calcium buildup in arteries. May also improve muscle strength, mood, and overall lifespan.
Scientific Evidence: Strong support for health benefits, though specific longevity effects are less proven. Vitamin D deficiency is common and linked to many health problems. K2’s role in preventing unwanted calcification is well-supported by research, though fewer large clinical trials exist.
Considerations: Blood tests can help determine your ideal vitamin D dose. Different forms are available (D2 vs D3, MK-4 vs MK-7). You may need to adjust dosage based on seasons and sun exposure. Take with meals for better absorption. If you take blood thinners, talk to your doctor before taking K2.

Is It Worth Including?: Yes, for most people. This pair is one of the most science-backed supplements with benefits that go beyond anti-aging. They’re generally safe and affordable, making them a smart addition to most supplement routines.

Trimethylglycine (TMG/Betaine)

What It Is: A natural compound found in beets, quinoa, and spinach. Acts as a methyl donor supporting various body processes. Also known as betaine, it provides methyl groups needed for DNA and protein function.
Sinclair’s Dosage: 500-1,000 mg daily, usually taken with NMN to prevent methyl group depletion. This matches dosages shown to provide metabolic benefits in studies.
Claimed Benefits: Mainly helps control homocysteine levels, a risk factor for heart disease. Supports liver function and detoxification. May boost cellular energy and protect against certain stressors. Could prevent methyl depletion when taking NAD+ precursors.
Scientific Evidence: Limited specific longevity data, but well-studied for metabolic health. Studies show benefits for liver function, heart health markers, and exercise performance. Research suggests combining NMN with TMG may enhance NAD+ precursor benefits.
Considerations: May work well with NMN supplementation for those following Sinclair’s protocol. Generally safe but might cause digestive issues in some people. Those with certain genetic variations affecting methylation might benefit more.

Is It Worth Including?: Possibly, especially if taking NMN or other NAD+ precursors. The methylation support makes sense biologically, though direct evidence for longevity benefits is lacking. Affordable and safe, making it reasonable for comprehensive protocols.

Omega-3 Fish Oil

What It Is: Essential fatty acids—mainly EPA and DHA—that come from marine sources like fatty fish. These polyunsaturated fats are key building blocks in cell membranes and help create molecules that control inflammation and other bodily processes.
Sinclair’s Dosage: Not specifically stated in Sinclair’s published regimen, though he does include it. Most people take 1-3 grams of combined EPA/DHA daily, with higher doses sometimes used for specific health conditions.
Claimed Benefits: Supports heart health by improving blood fat levels and blood vessel function. Helps brain health and possibly cognitive performance, especially as we age. Provides broad anti-inflammatory effects that may slow multiple aging processes. May improve how well cell membranes function.
Scientific Evidence: Decades of research exist, though recent large studies show mixed results. There’s strong data on how it works and observational studies support benefits, but some clinical trials show modest or no effects for preventing problems. More consistent benefits are seen in people who already have health issues.
Considerations: Quality varies greatly between products, with concerns about oxidation and contamination. Third-party testing for heavy metals is important. Some fishing practices raise sustainability concerns. Plant-based options (algae oils) provide DHA but usually less EPA.

Is It Worth Including?: Yes, but ideally through whole foods. Eating fatty fish 2-3 times weekly provides omega-3s plus other helpful nutrients. If you can’t eat enough fish, a high-quality supplement may help, especially if you have inflammation or heart risk factors.

L-Taurine

What It Is: A conditionally essential sulfur-containing amino acid found mostly in animal tissues, especially the brain, heart, and muscles. Unlike typical amino acids, taurine doesn’t build proteins but performs many important functions, including fluid balance, calcium signaling, and protecting cells from damage.
Sinclair’s Dosage: 2 grams daily, taken all at once. This is a newer addition to Sinclair’s routine, added after recent research suggested potential longevity benefits beyond its usual roles in heart and brain health.
Claimed Benefits: Protects cells from various stressors. Supports mitochondria (cell powerhouses) and energy production. Helps maintain proper cell hydration and mineral balance. May improve exercise performance and recovery. Could protect against age-related drops in taurine levels.
Scientific Evidence: Recent longevity research shows promising results, with studies showing increased lifespan in animals. Well-established benefits for heart health and metabolism. Clinical data supports its roles in blood sugar control, blood pressure management, and exercise capacity.
Considerations: A newer addition to his longevity stack based on recent research. Generally very safe with few side effects even at higher doses. Relatively inexpensive compared to many longevity supplements. Natural levels decrease with age, making supplements potentially more useful for older adults.

Is It Worth Including?: Yes, especially given its excellent safety record, reasonable cost, and growing evidence for multiple health benefits. The combination of proven clinical uses and emerging longevity research makes taurine a sensible addition to a comprehensive regimen, especially for those over 40.

CoQ10

What It Is: An antioxidant naturally made in our bodies that helps cells produce energy. CoQ10 (Coenzyme Q10) works as an electron carrier in mitochondria (our cells’ power plants) and protects against oxidative damage, especially in high-energy organs like the heart and brain.
Sinclair’s Dosage: Not specifically listed in Sinclair’s recent published regimens, though he has mentioned it in broader discussions. Most supplements contain 100-300 mg for daily use, with higher amounts sometimes used for specific health conditions.
Claimed Benefits: Supports cellular energy production and mitochondrial function. Protects cell membranes from free radical damage. May support heart health and muscle function. Could help offset the natural drop in CoQ10 levels that happens as we age.
Scientific Evidence: Research shows mixed results. Strong evidence supports its role in energy production and as an antioxidant. Some promising studies for heart failure, muscle pain from statins, and exercise performance, but less consistent results for prevention or anti-aging effects.
Considerations: Comes in two forms – ubiquinone and ubiquinol, with ubiquinol possibly being better absorbed, especially by older adults. Being fat-soluble, it’s absorbed poorly unless taken with fatty foods. May be particularly important for people taking statin medications.

Is It Worth Including?: Possibly, particularly for people over 50 or those on statins, which lower natural CoQ10 levels. Makes most sense for those with heart concerns or low energy. While not as cutting-edge as newer supplements, its strong safety record makes it worth considering.

Prescription Medications in Sinclair’s Protocol

Sinclair’s complete regimen includes medications that typically require medical supervision. While these compounds show promise in longevity research, they have important health risks.

We strongly advise caution and medical guidance before trying these interventions, even those available without prescription.

Metformin

What It Is: A prescription medication first developed for type 2 diabetes that researchers are now studying for potential anti-aging benefits. This biguanide drug works mainly by decreasing liver glucose production, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and altering gut bacteria.
Sinclair’s Dosage: 800-1000 mg taken at night. Sinclair occasionally stops taking it around heavy exercise periods due to concerns that it might interfere with workout adaptations.
Claimed Benefits: Mimics some effects of calorie restriction by triggering AMPK, a cell energy monitor. May reduce inflammation, help insulin work better, and alter metabolic pathways involved in aging. Could offer protection against age-related diseases beyond just diabetes.
Scientific Evidence: Strong data supports its safety and effectiveness for diabetes. Longevity evidence is growing but mainly consists of observational studies showing links to lower mortality and fewer age-related diseases. The TAME trial is currently studying metformin specifically for aging.
Considerations: Requires a doctor’s prescription and ongoing medical oversight. Can deplete vitamin B12, requiring monitoring and possible supplements. Often causes stomach issues at first. May dampen some exercise benefits, though this remains debated.

Is It Worth Including?: No, except for those with diagnosed prediabetes, diabetes, or those in research studies. While showing potential, evidence for healthy aging benefits in people without diabetes remains early, and you need a prescription to obtain it. Better to focus on proven lifestyle approaches.

Low-Dose Aspirin

What It Is: A common anti-inflammatory medicine that prevents blood clotting and reduces inflammation throughout the body. Low-dose means smaller amounts (81-100 mg) compared to regular strength aspirin used for pain relief.
Sinclair’s Dosage: 83 mg taken daily without interruption. This matches typical heart-protective doses, though Sinclair has indicated he might adjust this practice as research continues to develop.
Claimed Benefits: Mainly heart protection by preventing blood clots that cause heart attacks and certain strokes. May also help prevent some cancers, particularly colorectal cancer, and reduce ongoing inflammation that could contribute to aging.
Scientific Evidence: Research understanding has changed significantly recently. Once broadly recommended for prevention, today’s guidelines only suggest it for specific higher-risk people. It remains valuable for those who already have heart disease.
Considerations: Has important bleeding risks, including stomach and intestinal bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke, with dangers increasing with age. The risk-benefit balance has shifted as other preventive approaches have improved. Doctors no longer routinely recommend it for most healthy adults.

Is It Worth Including?: No, unless your physician specifically recommends it based on your personal health factors. Recent major studies show that for most people without existing heart disease, bleeding risks are greater than potential benefits. Decisions about aspirin therapy should be made with your doctor’s guidance.

Rapamycin

What It Is: A powerful mTOR inhibitor first found in Easter Island soil bacteria, later used as an immunosuppressant medication. It blocks the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which controls cell growth, metabolism, and aging in many species.
Sinclair’s Dosage: Not fully revealed, though Sinclair has mentioned using intermittent dosing. Most longevity researchers test periodic doses (weekly or monthly) rather than daily use.
Claimed Benefits: Works like caloric restriction by reducing mTOR signaling. Has extended lifespan in organisms from yeast to mice, showing some of the strongest effects of any treatment. May improve cellular cleanup, reduce inflammation, and enhance certain immune functions despite its immunosuppressive effects.
Scientific Evidence: Strong animal data shows significant lifespan extension and health improvements. Human aging research is limited but growing, with small trials showing good safety and improved biomarkers. Extensive clinical experience exists in transplant medicine, though at higher doses.
Considerations: Acts as a serious immunosuppressant at standard clinical doses, requiring doctor supervision. Experts debate the best dosing schedule for longevity benefits versus side effects. Possible issues include blood sugar changes, mouth sores, and higher infection risk. Requires prescription and monitoring.

Is It Worth Including?: No, except in clinical trials or under medical supervision. Despite strong animal results, human longevity evidence is still early, and the risks require careful oversight. It’s a promising future option but not currently suitable for self-administered longevity programs.

Scientific Basis for the Supplements David Sinclair Takes

Sinclair chooses supplements that target specific biological pathways involved in aging, though the scientific support varies:

NAD+ Precursors and Sirtuin Activation

NMN is the most thoroughly studied component of Sinclair’s regimen in human trials. This NAD+ precursor helps counteract the natural decline of cellular NAD+ as we age.

Studies show NMN has many promising benefits, ranging from metabolic health improvements to aerobic capacity. Sinclair combines NMN with resveratrol based on the theory that resveratrol activates sirtuins (especially SIRT1), which need NAD+ to function.

However, resveratrol’s effectiveness remains debated, with research reproducibility issues and unsuccessful mouse lifespan studies.

Why David Sinclair Prefers NMN Over NR

Dr. David Sinclair favors NMN over NR because unpublished research showed NMN boosted exercise ability in mice by 50% (they ran much farther), while NR had no effect at the same dose. He also prefers NMN because it converts to NAD+ in just one step using a specific transporter, which might make it more efficient than NR.

Senolytic Approach

Sinclair uses fisetin as part of the growing interest in senolytic compounds that remove senescent “zombie” cells.

These damaged cells build up with age and release inflammatory substances that harm nearby tissues. Animal research suggests clearing these cells may delay age-related conditions, though human evidence is still early.

Metabolic Regulators

Sinclair includes metformin for its ability to mimic some effects of caloric restriction by influencing metabolism and reducing inflammation.

While well-studied for diabetes, human longevity data on metformin is limited. The ongoing TAME trial⁴ may provide clearer evidence about its effects on healthspan in people without diabetes.

Supporting Nutrients

Vitamins D3 and K2, omega-3 fatty acids, and other supplements in Sinclair’s regimen have established roles in maintaining overall health, though their specific contributions to longevity are less clear.

These compounds mainly ensure various biological systems function optimally rather than directly targeting aging processes.

Dr. Sinclair’s Other Daily Habits for Longevity

Beyond supplements, Dr. Sinclair follows these key lifestyle practices as the foundation of his longevity approach:

Intermittent Fasting: Sinclair eats all his meals within an 8-10 hour window each day. This eating pattern activates cellular cleanup processes like autophagy and mimics the benefits of eating fewer calories.
Exercise Routine: He combines strength training to maintain muscle, cardio workouts, and short bursts of intense exercise (HIIT) to improve mitochondrial function. He sometimes skips his metformin dose around workouts to avoid blocking exercise benefits.
Sleep Optimization: Sinclair aims for 7-8 hours of quality sleep each night and keeps consistent bedtimes. He aligns his sleep schedule with his body’s natural rhythms, avoids blue light before bed, and keeps his bedroom cool and dark.
Stress Management: He practices meditation and mindfulness to reduce the aging effects of ongoing stress.

Many researchers agree these basic lifestyle habits provide major longevity benefits, with supplements only adding minor improvements to this strong foundation.

How to Approach Sinclair’s Protocol Responsibly

Sinclair’s regimen should be viewed as a personal case study rather than a universal prescription for longevity.

For those interested in a similar approach, consider these guidelines:

Begin with the components having strongest scientific support: vitamins D3 and K2, omega-3 fatty acids, and possibly NMN for those over 40. These have established safety profiles and reasonable evidence for health benefits.

Work closely with healthcare providers who can monitor potential interactions and side effects, especially before considering prescription medications like metformin or rapamycin, which carry significant risks when used off-label.

Use objective testing to track effects through relevant biomarkers like inflammatory markers, glucose metabolism, and lipid profiles. This data-driven approach aligns with Jinfiniti’s T-A-O (Test, Act, Optimize) philosophy.

Conduct a cost-benefit analysis when prioritizing interventions. A comprehensive NMN and resveratrol regimen can cost hundreds monthly, while lifestyle improvements offer substantial benefits at minimal expense.

Personalize based on your health status. Your genetic background, existing conditions, and health goals should guide which interventions make sense for you, as aging biology varies significantly between individuals.

Referenced Sources

An image of broccoli and edamame, two foods high in NMN, on a kitchen counter

11 Natural Food Sources of NMN (Highest to Lowest)

Written by Jinfiniti Science on March 17, 2025. Posted in NMN, Nutrition. No Comments on 11 Natural Food Sources of NMN (Highest to Lowest)

Your body’s cells need energy to work properly, and they get this energy with the help of a molecule called NAD+. As you get older, your body makes less NAD+.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a natural substance that can help increase your NAD+ levels. While you can take NMN as supplements, it’s also found in many common foods.

We’ve ranked the top 11 natural food sources that contain NMN by concentration, showing you, how much each food contains. This guide will help you include these cell-healthy foods in your daily diet alongside or instead of supplements.

Key Takeaways

NMN is a natural compound that helps boost NAD+ levels in your body, which decline with age and are essential for cellular energy and function
Common foods like edamame, avocados, and broccoli contain small amounts of NMN that can support cellular health as part of your daily diet
While food sources provide natural NMN, only supplements offer concentrations that match amounts shown beneficial in scientific research
Incorporating NMN-rich foods alongside proper cooking methods helps preserve their nutrient content and can complement other other healthy habits that support NAD+ levels

What is NMN and Why Does it Matter?

NMN is a molecule that’s essential for cellular health. It’s the main building block your body uses to make nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ for short), an important coenzyme that keeps all your cells working properly. ¹

Inside your cells, NAD+ does several important jobs:

Creates energy in cell powerhouses called mitochondria

Helps fix damaged DNA

Protects cells from harm

Helps control your sleep patterns

Activates proteins that help cells live longer

Here’s the problem: as you get older, your NAD+ levels fall dramatically. By middle age, you might have half the NAD+ you had as a young adult. ² This decline is linked to many signs of aging, like mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation. ³

Research published in scientific journals shows that NMN supplements can boost NAD+ levels, which may help reverse some aging effects. ⁴ Studies have shown improvements in metabolism, physical performance, and insulin sensitivity.

Scientists are still studying NMN in humans, but the evidence so far suggests it could help us stay healthier as we age.

Is NMN the Same as Vitamin B3?

NMN and Vitamin B3 are related but different compounds. Vitamin B3 (also called niacin or nicotinamide) must go through several steps in the body to become NMN before it can turn into NAD+.

NMN is just one step away from becoming NAD+. This makes NMN more efficient, especially as we get older when our bodies have a harder time converting earlier compounds.

Many foods that increase NAD+ also contain Vitamin B3, including fish, mushrooms, and avocados.

Food Sources of NMN Ranked by Content

Natural NMN exists in specific foods at measurable concentrations.

The following table presents 11 foods, ranked from highest to lowest amount of NMN per 100g serving. Edamame (young soybeans) tops this list, containing the highest naturally occurring NMN concentration among commonly consumed foods.

Food	NMN Content (mg/100g)	Nutritional Benefits
Edamame	0.47–1.88	Complete plant protein, fiber, folate, vitamin K, and manganese; supports heart health and hormone balance
Avocado	0.36–1.60	Monounsaturated fats, potassium, vitamin E, B vitamins, and fiber; promotes heart health and nutrient absorption
Broccoli	0.25–1.12	Vitamin C, vitamin K, folate, fiber, and sulforaphane; supports detoxification and has anti-inflammatory properties
Cabbage	0.01–0.90	Vitamin C, vitamin K, folate, and prebiotic fiber; promotes gut health and provides anti-inflammatory benefits
Tomatoes	0.26–0.90	Lycopene, potassium, vitamin C, vitamin K, and antioxidants; supports cardiovascular health and skin protection
Cucumber	0.10–0.65	High water content, vitamin K, potassium, and silica; aids hydration, digestion, and skin health
Nuts	~0.50	Protein, healthy fats, vitamin E, magnesium, and fiber; supports brain function and helps regulate cholesterol
Lean Beef	0.06–0.42	Complete protein, iron, zinc, B12, and selenium; supports energy production and immune function
Shrimp	~0.22	High-quality protein, selenium, iodine, vitamin B12, and astaxanthin; promotes thyroid function and brain health
Milk	~0.10	Calcium, protein, vitamin D, potassium, and phosphorus; supports bone health and muscle recovery
Mushrooms	≤0.01	Beta-glucans, vitamin D, selenium, B vitamins, and antioxidants; enhances immune function and provides anti-inflammatory effects

Health Benefits Associated with NMN

NMN has caught scientists’ attention as a powerful molecule that helps with healthy aging. Here are some of the most promising benefits of NMN identified in research studies:

As a precursor to NAD+, NMN supports many cellular processes that improve overall health

This compound fights aging by boosting NAD+ levels that naturally drop as we get older

Blood vessel function and circulation improve with NMN supplementation, supporting cardiovascular health ⁵

Metabolic health gets a boost through NMN’s ability to enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose regulation ⁶

Brain function and cognition benefit from the neuroprotective properties of NMN ⁷

Cellular energy production increases as NMN supports mitochondrial function and health ⁸

Immune system function and gut health may benefit from NMN’s role in cellular repair mechanisms ⁹

Muscle performance and physical endurance can improve as NMN supports energy production in muscle tissue ¹⁰

How to Incorporate NMN-Rich Foods into Your Diet

An image of healthy foods in a heart-shaped bowl

Adding NMN-rich foods to your meals is simple. We’ll show you how to prepare these foods to get the most nutrients from them. These tasty, healthy options help support your body’s NAD+ system, which is key for staying energetic and healthy.

Cooking Methods that Preserve NMN Content

Heat, oxidation, and prolonged storage reduce NMN levels in foods. Strategic preparation preserves these valuable compounds, including:

Minimal Processing: Opt for whole, raw forms when possible since NMN can degrade with excessive processing.

Gentle Cooking: Use methods that preserve nutrients such as:

Steaming (especially for broccoli and cabbage)

Quick blanching (very brief cooking in boiling water)

Light sautéing

Avoid Over-Cooking: Prolonged boiling or high-heat roasting can reduce NMN content.

For Broccoli Specifically: The stems contain most of the NMN, so use them too. If you don’t enjoy raw broccoli, steam or boil for just 2 minutes to keep nutrients intact.

Raw When Possible: Many NMN-rich foods like cucumber, tomatoes, and avocado can be enjoyed raw, which preserves their nutrient content.

Sample Daily Menu Incorporating NMN Foods

Breakfast:

Avocado toast on whole grain bread with poached egg

Fresh cucumber slices with a sprinkle of sea salt

Green tea

Lunch:

Mixed green salad with broccoli florets, tomato wedges, and grilled salmon

Edamame side dish seasoned with light sea salt

Sliced cucumber with hummus

Dinner:

Stir-fried broccoli and shiitake mushrooms with garlic

Baked salmon with fresh tomato salsa

Side of steamed edamame pods

Snacks:

Avocado with lemon juice and light seasoning

Sliced cucumbers with hummus or guacamole

Fresh tomato wedges with olive oil and herbs

Raw broccoli florets with yogurt dip

Edamame sprinkled with sea salt

This approach is simple: include several NMN-rich foods in your daily meals to naturally boost your intake. Plus, these natural sources of NMN contain other nutrients that work well together.

Can You Get Enough NMN from Food Alone?

While eating foods with NMN is healthy, they simply don’t contain enough to match the amounts that show benefits in research.

Natural food sources only have trace amounts of NMN—much less than the 250-1200 mg daily doses that scientists have found helpful in studies.

Your body also quickly uses up NMN after you eat it, making it hard to maintain high levels through food alone.

Aging creates another challenge. As you get older, your body becomes less efficient at converting nutrients into NAD+.

Although a nutrient-rich diet is essential for overall health, supplements provide the most direct way to reach the NMN levels needed for NAD+ support.

NMN Supplements: Bridging the Dietary Gap

Our diets simply don’t provide enough NAD+ building blocks, which becomes a bigger problem as we age. Since our bodies produce up to 50% less NAD+ by middle age, supplements can provide the extra support we need.

For a straightforward approach to increasing NAD+, Pure NMN Powder offers a highly pure option (over 99.5%) that your body can easily use. This powder becomes NAD+ in just one step and contains no extra ingredients.

If you want more complete cellular support, try Vitality ↑® NAD+ Booster. This specially formulated supplement combines NMN with D-ribose, niacinamide, and creatine monohydrate to boost both NAD+ levels and ATP (cellular energy).

Beyond Diet: Other Ways to Support NAD+ Levels

An image of matured men and women exercising

While supplementation provides the most direct path to increasing NAD+ levels, it’s most effective when combined with other lifestyle practices that support NAD+:

Regular exercise stimulates NAD+ production through metabolic demand

Intermittent fasting has been shown to increase NAD+ by activating sirtuins

Quality sleep supports proper NAD+ cycling and utilization

Stress management prevents excessive NAD+ depletion

Limiting alcohol consumption preserves NAD+ stores that would otherwise be used for alcohol metabolism

Reducing UV exposure prevents NAD+ depletion from DNA repair processes

This integrated approach—combining dietary sources, targeted supplementation, and supportive lifestyle factors—creates the most robust foundation for maintaining optimal NAD+ levels throughout life.

Remember, the goal isn’t simply to increase a biomarker but to support the cellular mechanisms that sustain vitality and function as we age.

Referenced Sources:

An image of a healthy woman taking supplement

NMN Dosage Guide: How to Safely Take NMN

Written by Jinfiniti Science on March 14, 2025. Posted in NAD, NAD+, NMN. No Comments on NMN Dosage Guide: How to Safely Take NMN

Figuring out the right NMN dosage isn’t just about following what others do. It’s about finding what works best for your body.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN for short) has caught the attention of scientists because it might help boost health and slow aging by increasing NAD+ levels in your cells.

Some people take as little as 250 mg daily, while some research studies use much higher doses of 1200 mg per day.

This raises three big questions: How much NMN should you take? When should you take it? And how can you tell if your dose is working?

This guide will walk you through what science says about NMN dosing and help you make smart choices for your health goals. Remember to always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.

Key Takeaways

Recommended NMN dosages fall between 250-1000 mg daily
Start with a lower dose (250 mg) regardless of age, and gradually increase after 2 weeks based on your body’s response and personal factors (age, weight, metabolic health)
Take NMN in the morning to align with your body’s natural NAD+ cycle, with or without food
Testing your NAD+ levels before and during supplementation will help personalize your dosage
NMN shows minimal side effects at studied doses (up to 1200 mg), with occasional mild digestive discomfort or headaches that typically subside as your body adjusts

Recommended NMN Dosage Ranges

An image of a woman hand getting supplements

The normal range for NMN is between 250 mg and 1000 mg each day. Scientists have studied doses from 150 mg to 1200 mg daily with no major side effects reported. ¹

For most people, it’s best to start small and slowly increase based on how your body responds.

If you’re new to NMN, begin with 250 mg daily, regardless of your age. This conservative starting point allows your body to adjust and helps identify any potential sensitivities. After an initial adjustment period of approximately 2 weeks, you can consider increasing your dosage if desired.

For those under 35 years of age, a starting dose of 250 mg daily is recommended, with the option to increase up to 500 mg after the initial adjustment period.

If you’re over 35, you may start with 250-500 mg daily and potentially increase up to 1000 mg depending on your individual response and health goals. This upper limit is the amount recommended by Harvard researcher Dr. David Sinclair.

Your optimal dosage will depend on several personal factors:

Your age (older individuals often do better with higher doses)

Your weight

Metabolic health status

Baseline NAD+ levels

Other supplements in your regimen

Studies on humans show benefits at 300-900 mg daily for increasing NAD+ levels. ² These middle-range doses usually give the best balance of benefits and cost.

Importantly, taking NMN supplements without measuring your baseline NAD+ levels is like driving in the dark without headlights. Jinfiniti’s Intracellular NAD® Test measures your cellular NAD+ levels over time, giving you concrete evidence that your supplements are actually working and allowing you to better adjust your dosage.

Note that 1200 mg daily represents the maximum studied limit, which should not be exceeded regardless of weight or age.

Quick Reference NMN Dosage Table

Here are the general dosage ranges for safe and effective NMN supplementation:

Age Group	Starting Dose	Potential Increase	Notes
Under 35 years	250mg daily	Up to 500mg after 2 weeks	Increase based on how you feel
Over 35 years	250-500mg daily	Up to 1000mg	Increase based on your response, recommended by Dr. David Sinclair
General range	250mg – 1000mg daily	–	Supported by most research
Maximum limit	1200mg daily	–	Don’t exceed this amount regardless of weight or age

How to Take NMN for the Best Results

An image of a matured woman taking supplements

The timing of when you take NMN supplements can impact how well they work. Being consistent is most important, but fine-tuning your routine helps you get the most from this powerful NAD+ precursor.

Best Time to Take NMN

Morning is generally the best time to take NMN. Taking it first thing in the morning on an empty stomach works with your body’s natural NAD+ production cycle.

NAD+ levels naturally peak in the morning, and morning doses can give you steady energy and mental clarity throughout the day. This timing also works well if you’re doing intermittent fasting.

Some research shows taking NMN about six hours after waking (around lunchtime) might work better for younger people. ³

It’s usually not a good idea to take NMN in the evening. Since NMN helps with cellular energy production, taking it too close to bedtime might disrupt your sleep. That said, everyone’s different – some people actually sleep better with evening doses because NMN might help support circadian rhythms. ⁴

With or Without Food?

NMN is water-soluble, meaning it can be absorbed well whether taken with food or on an empty stomach.

Taking NMN on an empty stomach might help your body absorb more of it since there aren’t other nutrients competing for absorption. However, if you experience digestive discomfort, it’s best to take it with a meal.

If you’re taking NMN with other supplements, you might need to take them with food. For example, if you’re combining NMN with Resveratrol (a popular pairing), it’s better to take them with fatty foods like yogurt or eggs to help your body absorb the Resveratrol.

Best Form of NMN

Clinical studies have mainly tested oral forms of NMN—capsules and powders—and shown they’re absorbed well through the digestive system. These are still the most trusted and researched ways to take NMN.

Powder is the best form if you want to easily control your dosage. With NMN powder, you can precisely measure how much you’re taking and adjust as needed.

Newer options like liposomal formulations, oral sprays, and nasal sprays don’t have as much research backing them up yet.

When choosing an NMN supplement, consider factors like purity (aim for pharmaceutical-grade with 98-99% purity), third-party testing, and what other ingredients are included.

Jinfiniti’s Vitality ↑® NAD+ Booster Powder combines 99.5+% pure NMN with D-ribose, niacinamide, and creatine monohydrate to optimize NAD levels more effectively than NMN alone.

Managing Potential Side Effects of NMN

An image of a matured woman consulting to a doctor

Like any supplement, NMN can cause some side effects, though most people handle it well. Taking 250-500mg daily usually causes few or no problems, with only some people reporting minor stomach issues.

Studies of higher doses (over 1000mg) haven’t found major safety problems in the short term. Researchers have studied people taking 1250mg repeatedly and found no serious side effects. ⁵

Some users do experience headaches, dizziness, or a feeling of warmth in their face. These effects typically don’t last long and improve as your body adjusts or if you take a smaller amount.

Since we don’t have much research on very high doses yet, it’s smart to stick with amounts that have been tested and shown to be safe.

If you have ongoing nausea, stomach pain, or headaches, you might need to reduce your dose. While some discomfort when starting NMN is normal, symptoms that continue or get worse are a sign to make changes.

Lowering your dose often solves the problem. If symptoms persist even after taking less, stop the supplement and talk with your healthcare provider.

Why NMN Dosage Varies from Person to Person

An image of two women taking supplements

Age isn’t the only thing that determines how much NMN you should take. Here are other important factors:

Weight: Your body mass affects how supplements spread throughout your system. People with higher body weight typically need higher doses to reach similar cellular concentrations of NMN.

Health Conditions: Certain metabolic conditions can impact NAD+ metabolism. People with diabetes, cardiovascular issues, or inflammatory conditions might process NMN differently and may need personalized dosing strategies.

Genetic Factors: Your genetic makeup plays a key role in NAD+ metabolism. Variations in genes like NAMPT (which helps convert nicotinamide to NMN) can affect how efficiently your body uses NMN supplements.

Activity Level: People who are more physically active may benefit from higher dosages, as exercise temporarily depletes NAD+ stores during energy production.

Medication Interactions: Some medications may influence NAD+ pathways or compete with similar absorption mechanisms. Always check with a healthcare provider if you take prescription medications.

The best approach is to start low, watch how your body responds, and consider direct NAD+ testing to objectively measure your supplement’s effectiveness rather than just following general recommendations.

NMN Dosing 101: How Much NMN Should You Take?

The right NMN dose isn’t set in stone—it’s a dynamic process that changes with your body’s needs.

Start with a conservative dose (250-500mg daily for most adults) and pay attention to how you feel. Energy levels, sleep quality, and recovery time can all be helpful indicators.

Don’t be afraid to adjust your dose gradually. Keep a simple journal of your experience, noting any changes in how you feel.

Getting your NAD+ levels tested every few months can provide concrete data on how well your supplementation is working.

Remember that consistency matters more than high doses. Your body responds better to steady, appropriate amounts of NMN rather than occasional mega-doses.

If you’re not seeing the benefits you expected after 2-3 months, talk with a healthcare provider who understands NAD+ metabolism before making significant changes to your regimen.

Referenced Sources:

A fit woman doing machine flys in the gym

Why NAD+ Matters for Bodybuilding and Muscle Growth

Written by Jinfiniti Science on March 12, 2025. Posted in NAD+, Muscle Loss and Weakness, NAD.

NAD+ has become a hot topic in health science research. This important molecule exists in every cell of your body and helps with energy production, cellular repair, and the aging process.

If you want to maintain muscle strength, whether you’re an athlete, bodybuilder or simply worry about mobility as you age, understanding NAD+ could make a big difference.

Recent studies show that NAD+ plays key roles in muscle development, performance, and recovery. This knowledge helps explain why muscles get weaker as we age and offers clues about how to prevent this decline.

Let’s explore how NAD+ affects muscle growth and what you can do to maintain your strength throughout life.

Key Takeaways

NAD+ carries electrons for cellular energy production and serves as fuel for enzymes that regulate muscle health
Satellite cells, which are stem cells that repair muscles, need enough NAD+ to work properly during the healing process
NAD+ levels drop as we age, contributing to muscle loss (sarcopenia) and decreased physical abilities
Regular exercise, especially combining cardio and strength training, naturally increases NAD+ by boosting NAMPT production
NAD+ precursors like NMN and NR have shown promising results in clinical studies for improving muscle insulin sensitivity, mitochondrial function, and overall muscle performance

Why NAD+ Is Important for Muscle Function

NAD+ (short for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) serves as your cells’ energy transport system.

Found in almost every cell in your body, this vital molecule is particularly important for healthy muscle function. NAD+ works behind the scenes to convert the nutrients you consume into energy your body can readily use for all its activities.

How NAD+ Works in Muscles

During exercise, your muscles need quick energy. NAD+ is key in this process, helping convert nutrients into ATP—the energy currency that powers muscle contractions, helps muscles recover, and supports growth.

NAD+ also serves as fuel for key enzymes¹:

Sirtuins: These proteins regulate cell health and help muscles adapt to exercise
PARPs: These enzymes fix DNA damage when muscles experience stress

Your muscles maintain NAD+ levels through two main pathways: building it from scratch using tryptophan (an amino acid), or recycling existing materials through the salvage pathway². An enzyme called NAMPT is key in this recycling process, converting nicotinamide into NMN, which your body then turns into NAD+.

When NAD+ levels drop, your mitochondria (the powerhouses of your cells) can’t function well³. This results in decreased energy production, weaker muscle performance, and limited recovery ability.

Maintaining healthy NAD+ levels isn’t just for improving athletic performance, it’s necessary for basic muscle function as you age.

A woman bodybuilder in the gym doing dumbbell bicep curls

NAD+ Decline and Muscle Aging

One of the most reliable changes in aging bodies is the gradual decrease in NAD+ levels, with skeletal muscles showing particularly dramatic effects. This NAD+ reduction sets off a chain reaction that leads to sarcopenia—the progressive loss of muscle mass and function that typically starts after age 30.

Researchers have found that NAD+ in muscles can fall by approximately 50% between young adulthood and old age⁴. This decline isn’t just a side effect of aging but appears to directly cause several muscle aging markers:

Fewer and less efficient mitochondria
Weaker muscle fibers with reduced strength
Impaired ability to rebuild muscle after injury or workouts
Decreased exercise capacity and longer recovery periods

The drop in NAD+ happens for several reasons: the NAMPT enzyme (which recycles NAD+) becomes less effective, while NAD+-consuming enzymes like CD38 become more active⁵. These changes impact many cellular functions, from energy production to the signaling networks essential for maintaining healthy muscle tissue.

NAD+ in Muscle Repair and Recovery

Muscle growth in bodybuilding relies heavily on the ability to repair and regenerate muscle fibers post-exercise.

NAD+ is a key player in these processes, helping muscles repair and rebuild after exercise or injury. This repair process relies on satellite cells, which are like stem cells specifically for skeletal muscles.

When muscles get damaged from intense workouts or injuries, satellite cells need to activate, multiply, and transform to fix the damaged tissue. NAD+ affects this process in important ways:

Starting the Repair Process

NAD+ works as a metabolic signal that helps satellite cells switch from resting to active. An enzyme called SIRT1 uses NAD+ to make changes to genes, essentially turning energy information into instructions for cell development⁶.

Providing Energy for Muscle Regeneration

Rebuilding muscle requires lots of energy. NAD+ ensures satellite cells have enough fuel to go through all the complex changes needed for effective repair.

Research has shown that:

When NAD+ levels drop, muscles can’t repair themselves well⁷
Restoring NAD+ levels helps protect muscles from damage⁸
Increasing NAD+ production leads to better recovery after injury⁹

The pathways that create NAD+, especially those involving nicotinamide riboside kinases (NRK1 and NRK2), are particularly important for determining what kind of muscle fibers develop during repair¹⁰. These pathways support both immediate recovery and long-term improvements in muscle strength.

Interestingly, NAD+ levels affect not just whether muscles can repair themselves, but also what type of muscle fibers form during recovery—influencing both strength and endurance of the rebuilt muscle.

An older man lifting a kettlebell in the gym

Practical Ways to Boost NAD+

As scientists learn more about NAD+ and muscle health, they’ve discovered several effective strategies to maintain or increase NAD+ levels, especially as we age.

These approaches target different parts of NAD+ metabolism, offering multiple ways to improve muscle function and recovery.

NAD+ Precursor Supplements

The most direct approach is taking supplements that your body uses to build NAD+:

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN):

This direct NAD+ precursor shows promising results in studies.

NMN supplements have been found to improve muscle insulin sensitivity, helping with insulin signaling and healthy muscle remodeling. In older mice,
NMN improves blood flow to muscles by enhancing blood vessel function and reducing arterial stiffness, which helps with exercise performance.
Human studies show improvements in walking speed and overall muscle function in older adults taking NMN.

Nicotinamide Riboside (NR):

Research shows NR effectively increases NAD+ levels in skeletal muscle, improving mitochondrial function and energy metabolism.
Clinical trials have shown that NR supplements can boost NAD+ levels in the muscle tissue of elderly people, potentially benefiting metabolic health and muscle function.

Lifestyle Changes

Supplements work best when combined with lifestyle strategies that naturally support NAD+ production:

Exercise: Both weight training and cardio increase NAMPT expression and NAD+ production genes. Regular physical activity creates a positive cycle—improved NAD+ levels enhance exercise capacity, which further supports NAD+ production.

Strategic Nutrition: Some foods contain NAD+ precursors or support NAD+ metabolism, including milk, fish, mushrooms, green vegetables, and whole grains. Eating these foods alongside supplements may create enhanced benefits.

Caloric Restriction and Intermittent Fasting: These eating patterns have been shown to increase NAD+ levels by activating NAMPT and supporting cellular stress resistance mechanisms that preserve muscle health.

For people facing specific muscle issues—like age-related muscle loss or recovery from intense training—combining precursor supplements with lifestyle improvements offers the most complete strategy for maintaining optimal NAD+ levels and supporting long-term muscle health.

NAD+: Your Muscles’ Best Friend for Life

The NAD+ and muscle health connection represents one of the most promising areas in longevity science today. This essential molecule influences everything about how your muscles function—energy production, performance, repair processes, and maintaining strength with age.

Research clearly shows that keeping healthy NAD+ levels is essential for maintaining mobility, strength, and independence throughout your life.

The great news about NAD+ is that you can improve your levels through specific supplements. But before starting, it’s smart to know where you stand.

The Intracellular NAD® Test from Jinfiniti gives you this important information—letting you establish your starting point and track improvements.

For those looking to optimize their NAD+ levels, Vitality ↑® NAD+ Booster offers a scientifically formulated solution. that combines NMN with creatine monohydrate for complete muscle support. NMN helps your body produce more NAD+, while creatine directly boosts muscle energy storage (ATP), helps build muscle, and enhances physical performance. Together, they improve both your energy metabolism and muscle development.

Jinfiniti’s T-A-O method—Test, Act, and Optimize—provides a simple framework. By testing your NAD+ levels and adjusting supplementation based on your results, you’re making an investment in muscle health that will benefit you for decades.

Referenced Sources

Featured image with the letters NMN in white over a purple gradient background with DNA strands.

NMN: Everything You Need to Know in 2025

Written by Jinfiniti Science on March 12, 2025. Posted in NMN, NAD+, NAD+ Precursors. No Comments on NMN: Everything You Need to Know in 2025

As we get older, our bodies make less of something called NAD+, an important molecule that helps our cells stay healthy and make energy. NMN (short for nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a supplement that many people take to boost their NAD+ levels.

NMN has become popular in health and longevity research in 2025. Recent human studies show it might help with physical performance and metabolism. Some research even suggests it could slow down aging.

But what is NMN exactly? How does it work in your body? And is it something you should consider taking?

This guide covers everything from the science behind NMN to how much you might want to take, helping you decide if this supplement is right for you.

Key Takeaways

NMN is a natural molecule that helps restore NAD+, an important coenzyme your body needs for energy and healthy cells. Your body makes less NAD+ as you get older.
Recent studies on humans (2020-2025) suggest taking NMN supplements may help improve physical fitness, metabolism, heart health, and might slow down aging at the cellular level.
Current research shows NMN is generally safe with few side effects, though pregnant women and those with medical conditions should consult their doctor before use.

What is NMN?

NMN is a molecule that naturally exists in all living cells and directly helps make nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), one of the body’s most essential coenzymes for energy production and cellular health.

Structurally, NMN is part of the nucleotide family—the same group of molecules that make up DNA and RNA (your genetic material).

Each NMN molecule has three main parts: a nicotinamide base, a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group.

In your cells, NMN quickly turns into NAD+, which powers several important cellular processes like:

Energy production in mitochondria
DNA repair mechanisms
Gene expression regulation
Cellular signaling pathways

As we get older, our natural NAD+ levels drop, which might contribute to various age-related conditions and metabolic problems.

Studies show that taking NMN supplements may help restore NAD+ levels, supporting cellular health and possibly slowing down some aspects of aging.

How NMN Works to Create NAD+

Your body makes NAD+ mainly through the “salvage pathway.” This is like a recycling system that turns nicotinamide (NAM) into NMN, which then becomes NAD+.

NMN creates a shortcut in NAD+ production by entering cells through a special doorway called the Slc12a8 transporter. This doorway is very active in your small intestine, which helps NMN get absorbed quickly into your bloodstream.

Once NMN gets inside your cells, it joins with ATP (your body’s energy molecule) to form NAD+. This joining happens because of an enzyme called NMNAT.

This process skips some of the slower steps in making NAD+, allowing it to increase your cellular NAD+ levels more efficiently than other precursors like nicotinamide riboside (NR).

The recent NAD World 3.0 hypothesis from 2025 has confirmed that mammal cells (including human cells) can directly absorb NMN through the Slc12a8 transporter¹, making it an effective way to boost NAD+ levels in your body.

Infographic showing what NMN is and its benefits

NMN’s Benefits: Recent Human Studies (2020-2025)

While animal research initially sparked interest in NMN, human clinical trials have really taken off in the last five years, giving us more relevant insights into how NMN works in the human body.

The main benefits of NMN supplements come from its ability to support healthy NAD+ levels, which naturally decline with age. Here are some of the latest findings on NMN from human clinical trials:

Physical Performance Benefits

Amateur runners performed better in aerobic exercises²
Older adults showed better muscle movement, walking speed, and grip strength³
Middle-aged adults taking NMN could walk longer distances⁴

Metabolic Health and Insulin Sensitivity

Women after menopause with prediabetes had 25% better insulin sensitivity in their muscles⁵
NMN may help metabolize glucose and improve insulin response⁶
NAD+ levels maintain energy balance and stress response, both vital for metabolic health⁷

Anti-Aging and Longevity

Men between 45-60 years showed telomeres (protective caps on DNA) nearly twice as long after 90 days of treatment, suggesting NMN might slow aging at the cellular level⁸
NMN raises cellular NAD+ levels in older adults, which is linked to higher energy levels and anti-aging effects⁹
NMN supplements helped improve arterial stiffness in healthy middle-aged adults¹⁰

Other Notable Improvements

Older men had improved hearing in their right ear¹¹
People reported feeling better overall based on quality of life surveys (SF-36)¹²
Several markers of health improved in blood tests¹²

Overall, NMN shows real promise for improving metabolic health and preventing age-related physical decline. However, we still need more studies to fully understand how NMN works and optimize its use in clinical settings.

Is It Safe to Take NMN Supplements?

Current research shows that NMN supplements appear to be safe for most people when used for short periods. However, long-term safety data remains limited.

Several studies with human participants have found that NMN causes no harmful side effects in the short term:

One study showed amateur runners could take up to 1,200 mg daily for 6 weeks with no health problems¹⁴
Another rigorously controlled study found that taking 900 mg daily for 8 weeks was safe with no concerning side effects¹⁵
The same study showed that even higher doses of 2,000 mg daily were taken for up to 2 weeks without problems
A Japanese study of healthy men taking 100, 250, or 500 mg of NMN found no concerning symptoms or changes in important health markers like heart rate, blood pressure, or body temperature¹⁶

In 2018, an FDA panel classified NMN as GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe), which means it can legally be used as a food additive.

Some scientists worry that NMN might reduce important compounds called methyl groups in your body. Because of this concern, experts like Dr. David Sinclair take another supplement called TMG (trimethylglycine) alongside NMN as a precaution. However, research hasn’t yet proven whether this is necessary.

Supplement Safety Note

Supplements receive minimal FDA regulation and may not be safe for everyone. They can interact with medications and other supplements. Always consult your doctor before starting any supplement regimen.

Potential Side Effects of NMN

When taking NMN supplements, some people report minor side effects.

The most common ones include:

Stomach problems like nausea or discomfort
Headaches and feeling dizzy
Feeling tired

Less commonly, some people notice skin reactions or have trouble sleeping.

Natural Sources of NMN

NMN is found naturally in some foods, but only in small amounts. The best plant sources include edamame (soybeans), broccoli, cabbage, cucumber, and avocado.

You can also find small amounts in some animal foods like beef and raw salmon. However, these food sources don’t provide enough NMN to make a real difference in your body.

For example, edamame, which has one of the highest NMN levels, contains only about 1.88 mg per 100 grams. Compare this to scientific studies, which typically use between 250 mg and 1,250 mg of NMN daily.

To get the same amount of NMN used in research, you would need to eat impossible amounts of these foods. Plus, cooking or processing these foods can break down the NMN they contain, making even less available to your body.

Side view of a young woman jogging on a beach wearing pink active wear.

NMN Dosage Guidelines: How Much Should You Take?

Based on current research and expert recommendations, NMN supplementation dosages follow three primary tiers:

For beginners and healthy middle-aged adults, starting with 250 mg daily provides basic support with noticeable improvements in mood, focus, and energy levels.
Most adults take between 500-750 mg daily, with 500 mg working well for people between 30-60 years old. If you’re over 65, you might benefit from taking up to 750 mg each day.
Some older adults and athletes might need more NMN, around 1000-1200 mg daily. This higher dose can provide maximum benefits, but doctors recommend taking no more than 1200 mg per day or more than 600 mg at once.

Studies show NMN is safe at doses up to 900 mg daily. Taking your dose at different times throughout the day might work better than all at once.

To choose the best NMN supplement, look for products that:

Are at least 98% pure
Have been tested by independent labs
Contain no unnecessary fillers

Always talk to your doctor before starting any new supplement, especially if you take medications or have health conditions.

Who Should Not Take NMN?

NMN may help with healthy aging, but it’s not right for everyone.

Check with your doctor before taking NMN if you:

Are pregnant or breastfeeding, as we don’t know enough about how safe it is during these times
Are getting cancer treatment, because NMN might affect how cancer cells behave
Have an autoimmune disease, since NMN could change how your immune system works
Take medications that affect your body’s NAD+ levels
Have had serious allergic reactions to supplements before
Are under 18 years old
Have serious liver or kidney problems

Your doctor can help you decide if NMN supplements are safe for you.

NMN vs NR (Nicotinamide Riboside)

NMN and NR are both supplements that help your body make NAD+. The main difference is that NMN is one step closer to becoming NAD+ in your body. When you take NR, your body must first convert it to NMN, and then to NAD+.

Some studies suggest this might make NMN work better, but both supplements have been shown to increase NAD+ levels. How well each supplement works for you may depend on your age, metabolism, and overall health.

Is NMN Right for You?

Research on NMN is still growing. This supplement shows promise in supporting healthy aging by boosting NAD+ levels in the body. While it won’t make you young again, studies suggest NMN may help improve physical energy, metabolism, and cellular health.

Like all supplements, results will vary from person to person. Be sure to talk with your doctor before starting NMN, especially if you have existing health conditions. With the right dose and realistic goals, NMN might be a useful part of your health strategy as you grow older.

FAQs

Does NMN reverse aging?

Research shows NMN may help slow down some age-related changes, but it’s not a fountain of youth. It’s better to view NMN as a tool that supports your body’s natural health as you age.

Is NMN just vitamin B3?

No, NMN is not simply vitamin B3. While it contains parts of vitamin B3 (nicotinamide), NMN is a more complex molecule that also includes a sugar (ribose) and a phosphate group. This special structure makes NMN a direct building block for NAD+, which means it works differently in your body than regular vitamin B3 supplements.

Can I take NMN and resveratrol together?

Yes, many people take NMN and resveratrol together. They work together in a helpful way: NMN increases NAD+ levels, while resveratrol activates proteins called sirtuins that need NAD+ to function properly. Researcher David Sinclair has made this combination popular by including both in his daily supplement routine.

Does NMN need to be sublingual?

Most research showing NMN benefits has used regular oral supplements (capsules or powder that you swallow), not sublingual forms (dissolved under the tongue). While some people prefer sublingual NMN, there’s no strong evidence that it’s necessary for NMN to work effectively.

Should NMN be stored in the refrigerator?

NMN generally stays stable at room temperature when properly packaged. However, keeping it in the refrigerator may help it stay potent longer, especially powder forms. Check your product’s label for specific storage recommendations, as different brands may have different requirements.

Can I take NMN with caffeine?

There are no known problems with taking NMN and caffeine together. Some users say the combination gives them better energy and focus, though this is based on personal experience rather than scientific studies. If you’re sensitive to caffeine, you might want to take NMN at a different time to better understand how each affects you.

How long does it take to feel NMN’s effects?

This varies from person to person. Some people notice more energy and mental clarity within days, while others might take weeks to see benefits.

What happens if I stop taking NMN?

You won’t experience withdrawal if you stop taking NMN. Your body will continue making NAD+ naturally, though levels may gradually return to what they were before. Any improvements you noticed while taking NMN may slowly decrease over time without continued use.

Is NMN toxic to the liver?

Research studies haven’t shown any liver damage from taking recommended doses of NMN. Safety studies that check liver function have shown that NMN is generally well-tolerated in doses up to 1250 mg daily. However, if you have existing liver problems, you should talk to your doctor before starting any new supplement.

Does NMN increase testosterone?

Research shows NAD+ may work with sirtuin proteins to support testosterone production. NMN helps create NAD+ in the body, which could support this process, though human studies are needed to confirm its effects on testosterone. For an in-depth overview, see our full article on NMN and testosterone.

Referenced Sources

Creatine as a Nootropic? Exploring Its Brain Health Benefits

Written by Jinfiniti Science on March 10, 2025. Posted in Creatine. No Comments on Creatine as a Nootropic? Exploring Its Brain Health Benefits

If you’ve ever heard of creatine, chances are you think of muscle-building, protein shakes, and gym bros lifting heavy weights. But did you know this powerful compound might also be working wonders for your brain?

That’s right. The same compound that helps fuel your workouts might be giving your mind a boost too. In fact, creatine is getting popular among people looking to support their brain health and cognitive function.

So, what exactly does creatine do for your brain? And how can you use it to support mental performance?

Key Takeaways

Creatine functions as a nootropic by supporting the brain’s energy production, helping maintain ATP levels needed for optimal cognitive function.
Research shows creatine may improve working memory, processing speed, and attention while reducing mental fatigue during challenging cognitive tasks.
Creatine supplementation appears particularly beneficial during stressful conditions like sleep deprivation, aging, or intense mental exertion.
Creatine monohydrate (3-5g daily) is the most scientifically-supported form for cognitive benefits, with women potentially experiencing stronger memory enhancement than men.

Is Creatine a Nootropic?

When you hear “nootropic,” you might think of fancy supplements or medications designed specifically for the brain. But sometimes, the most effective brain-supporting compounds are hiding in plain sight.

A nootropic is simply any substance that may support cognitive function, memory, creativity, or motivation in healthy individuals. And research suggests creatine checks many of these boxes.

You see, the brain contains less than 5% of the total body creatine. It uses this creatine to help produce energy quickly, especially during times of mental demand. ¹

Think of those moments when you need to focus intensely, solve a complex problem, or remember important information. These all require significant mental energy.

What makes creatine unique as a nootropic is that it does not directly alter your brain chemistry like some other compounds. Instead, it plays a role in supporting the brain’s natural energy production by helping maintain normal ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is essentially your cells’ energy currency. ²

This energy-supporting role is important in situations where your brain might be under stress. Like during challenging mental tasks, when you’re sleep-deprived, or as you age and your natural creatine levels may decline.

The research on creatine’s cognitive benefits continues to grow, with studies showing it may support various aspects of brain function, from working memory to processing speed. ³ What’s also interesting is that these benefits appear most pronounced in situations where the brain is under stress or has lower creatine levels to begin with.

So while creatine might not be the first supplement that comes to mind when you think “brain booster,” its ability to support your brain’s energy needs makes it a legitimate and increasingly popular nootropic option.

6 Potential Benefits of Creatine for Brain Health

Have you ever dealt with mental fatigue? You know how frustrating it can be. The good news is, creatine may offer powerful support for your brain, just like it does for your muscles.

Research has uncovered several promising areas where creatine supplementation may offer cognitive benefits. Let’s explore each of them.

Working Memory Enhancement

If you ever needed to hold information in your mind while working on a task, that’s your working memory in action. It’s like your brain’s mental workspace, and creatine may help keep it running smoothly. ⁴

A systematic review in Nutrition Reviews and Experimental Gerontology found that creatine supplementation improves working memory in healthy adults during mentally demanding activities. ⁵

It suggests that creatine plays a crucial role in the creatine-phosphocreatine system, which helps rapidly replenish ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in brain cells when energy demands suddenly increase. This means creatine might help you stay sharp when you need to juggle multiple pieces of information at once.

Attention and Processing Speed

Being able to focus and process information quickly is incredibly valuable in our hyper-connected world. Creatine appears to support these cognitive functions too.

A 2024 study in Frontiers in Nutrition showed that creatine supplementation may help maintain attention and processing speed. ⁶

Researchers found that individuals who were supplemented with creatine showed improved reaction times and sustained attention compared to those who did not.

This means creatine might support your ability to stay focused on important tasks and respond more quickly to information, whether you’re studying for an exam, working on a project, or simply trying to keep up with a busy day.

Mental Fatigue Mitigation

We all know that drained feeling when our brain seems to run out of steam after hours of mental work. Creatine may help support mental endurance, help sustain mental energy levels, and reduce the feeling of brain fatigue.

According to research published in Neuroscience Research, creatine supplementation helped reduce mental fatigue after prolonged cognitive tasks. Researchers believe that creatine’s role in replenishing ATP is likely the reason for improved cognitive performance. ⁷

When we work our brains hard, ATP gets used up, leading to mental fatigue. By helping maintain ATP levels, creatine may provide a steady supply of brain energy, making it easier to stay sharp even during mentally demanding tasks.

Another study on Nutrients suggested that creatine supplementation may help improve cognitive performance during mentally exhausting tasks. ⁸ This means creatine might help you stay mentally fresh even during long periods of brain-intensive work.

Age-Related Cognitive Support

As we age, mental clarity and memory can start to decline. Forgetting names, misplacing things, or feeling like your brain just isn’t as sharp as it used to be

It means supporting brain health becomes increasingly important. The good news? Creatine shows particular promise for older adults looking to maintain cognitive function.

Research suggests that older people with higher resting creatine concentrations tend to perform better in cognitively demanding tasks. A comprehensive review published in The European Journal of Geriatric Gerontology found that creatine plays a recognized role in brain function and development, with emerging evidence suggesting it may help support cognitive health during aging. ⁹

The brain’s natural creatine levels typically decrease as we age, which may be connected to the normal changes in cognitive function that occur over time. Supplementation may help maintain optimal creatine levels in the brain.

Another meta-analysis published in Aging Clinical and Experimental Research also found that creatine supplementation may help maintain cognitive performance in older adults. ¹⁰ The study found that dietary creatine intake is positively associated with cognitive functioning in U.S. men and women aged 60 years and older.

Neuroprotection and Recovery

Just like your muscles after a tough workout, our brains need the right support to stay strong and recover properly. This is where creatine’s unique properties really shine.

A 2004 study in The Journal of Neuroscience showed creatine protects brain cells from toxicity, reducing cell death by up to 50%. ¹¹ It works by blocking key cell death pathways.

This suggests creatine might help maintain healthy energy levels in brain cells, even under stress. Think of it as a backup generator that kicks in when your brain’s main power supply is struggling.

Another study from the same journal shows creatine helps brain cells by supporting mitochondria—the tiny powerhouses in each cell—maintaining ATP levels so cells have energy to stay healthy. ¹²

This protection matters after physical activity that stresses the brain. A 2007 study found creatine supplements reduced brain damage volume by 40% in mice with experimental stroke. ¹³

Creatine also improves brain blood flow. Treated mice recovered faster from reduced brain blood flow, showing better circulation 15-35 minutes after blood flow was restored compared to untreated animals.

Sleep-Deprived Cognition

Ever pulled an all-nighter, only to wake up with your brain in slow motion? Even after coffee, your focus is off and your mind feels like it’s moving through molasses.

This happens because without enough sleep, your brain burns through energy faster than it can replace it. Without proper fuel, simple tasks feel exhausting.

Research suggests creatine might help support cognitive abilities when you’re running on empty.

A 2006 study in Psychopharmacology looked at 19 healthy volunteers who took either creatine or a placebo for 7 days before staying awake for 24 hours. People who took creatine performed significantly better on tasks measuring executive function and showed less mental fatigue than those who took the placebo. ¹⁴

Building on this, a 2007 study in Physiology & Behavior found creatine helped maintain cognitive performance during sleep deprivation. Participants taking creatine showed better performance on central executive function tasks and maintained better mood levels. ¹⁵

While creatine isn’t a replacement for good sleep, it might support brain function during those inevitable times when you can’t get the rest you need—whether from a busy schedule, travel, or occasional insomnia.

Gender Differences in Creatine’s Nootropic Effects

Research suggests that men and women may experience different cognitive benefits from creatine, particularly when it comes to memory.

A study published in The FASEB Journal found that women in the creatine group scored significantly higher than men on a visual memory test. ¹⁶ This suggests that women might actually get more brain benefits from taking creatine than men do.

Visual memory is what helps you remember faces, places, and objects you’ve seen before. It’s what allows you to picture your childhood home or recognize a friend in a crowd. This type of memory is important for many everyday tasks, from remembering where you parked your car to recalling what items you need at the grocery store.

Why might women respond differently to creatine? Scientists think it could be related to differences in how men’s and women’s bodies naturally process and use creatine.

Research published in Translational Psychiatry suggests that both estrogen and creatine can target mitochondrial function in the brain, suggesting a possible interaction that could influence cognitive processes. ¹⁷

Of course, everyone’s body is different, but the research indicates that women may have even more reason to consider creatine as part of their brain health routine.

The Best Form for Cognitive Benefits: Monohydrate vs. HCL

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If you’re researching creatine as a beginner, you’ve probably seen different types. Monohydrate, HCL, ethyl ester, buffered creatine… the list goes on. With all these options, which one is best for brain health?

Let’s keep it simple. Creatine monohydrate stands out as the clear winner when it comes to brain benefits. It’s the most well-studied, widely used, and scientifically supported form of creatine.

In fact, a 2024 meta-analysis published in Frontiers in Nutrition specifically noted that “creatine monohydrate was the form used in all included studies” that demonstrated significant improvements in memory, attention time, and processing speed. ¹⁸

What about creatine HCL? While it’s marketed as a form with better solubility, there’s no strong evidence that it provides any additional brain benefits over monohydrate. Since creatine monohydrate is already highly bioavailable, there’s no need to overcomplicate things.

For those looking to boost both mental and physical performance, Jinfiniti’s Creatine ATP supplement offers a two-pronged approach.

This carefully formulated supplement combines pure creatine monohydrate with ingredients that support ATP production—the main energy source your cells use for both thinking and physical activities.

The formula works in two ways: creatine helps keep optimal phosphocreatine levels in your brain cells, while disodium ATP helps maximize energy production in cells. This combo is especially useful for people who do mentally challenging work along with physical training.

Plus, it’s free from unnecessary fillers and additives, making it a clean and effective choice for anyone looking to support both mental and physical performance.

FAQs About Creatine and Brain Health

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Can creatine make you smarter?

Creatine doesn’t make you smarter in the traditional sense. Instead, research shows that it may help you do better on mentally demanding tasks by boosting your brain cells’ energy reserves and fighting oxidative stress.

Think of it as giving your brain better fuel. The engine stays the same, but runs more efficiently.

Can creatine boost your IQ?

No, creatine doesn’t directly increase your IQ score. While research suggests creatine supplementation may improve certain cognitive functions like memory and processing speed in specific situations, these benefits don’t translate to raising your baseline intelligence as measured by IQ tests.

Can creatine help with brain fog?

While “brain fog” isn’t a medical term, many people use it to describe feelings of mental fatigue, difficulty focusing, or reduced mental clarity. Research suggests that creatine may help support mental energy and reduce feelings of mental fatigue during challenging cognitive tasks.

How many grams of creatine to take for nootropic benefits?

Most studies showing cognitive benefits have used doses similar to those used for muscle benefits—typically 3-5 grams per day. Some research protocols use a “loading phase” of 20 grams per day for 5-7 days, followed by a maintenance dose of 3-5 grams daily.

However, many researchers think that for cognitive benefits, simply taking 3-5 grams daily is enough. The key is consistency—your brain needs time to build up its creatine stores, so taking it daily is important if you want to see potential benefits.

Is creatine safe for cognitive enhancement?

Creatine is one of the most well-studied supplements out there, and it has a great safety record when used correctly. Studies consistently show that creatine monohydrate is safe for healthy adults who take the recommended amounts.

Like with any supplement, it’s smart to check with your doctor before you start taking creatine, particularly if you have health conditions or take medications. Make sure you drink enough water when you’re on creatine, since it makes your muscles hold onto more water.

Referenced Sources:

Two supplement pill bottles, one labeled NMN, one labeled TMG, photorealistic, high detail, set on a wooden table outdoors, lush green garden background

NMN with TMG: Benefits, Dosage and Risks

Written by Jinfiniti Science on March 7, 2025. Posted in NMN. No Comments on NMN with TMG: Benefits, Dosage and Risks

If you’ve been looking into nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplements, you’ve probably come across recommendations for taking it with trimethylglycine (TMG).

This idea comes from a theory that NMN might use up methyl groups—key biochemical components your body needs for many functions.

But do you really need to take both together? Does the research actually back this up?

In this article, we’ll break down the relationship between NMN and methylation, look at the potential pros and cons of combining these supplements, and give you practical advice on dosing.

Key Takeaways

NMN is a direct precursor to NAD+, supporting cellular energy, DNA repair, and overall health, while TMG is a methyl donor that helps methylation processes in the body.
NMN doesn’t directly use up methyl groups, but its metabolism might indirectly increase methylation demands. That’s why some experts suggest taking TMG alongside NMN supplements.
Most people taking standard NMN doses (250-500mg daily) probably don’t need extra TMG unless they have specific genetic variants, high homocysteine levels, or take high doses of NMN.
If you do combine these supplements, a 1:1 ratio (NMN:TMG) works well. It’s best to take both in the morning with food for better absorption.

NMN and TMG: What Are They?

A female hand in a lab coat holds white capsules against a neutral background.

NMN is a direct precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a key coenzyme that drives hundreds of biological processes in your cells.

NAD+ helps with energy production, DNA repair, gene expression, and cellular communication—all functions that decline as we age when NAD+ levels naturally drop.

NMN works by entering cells and turning directly into NAD+ through an enzyme reaction that does not directly consume methyl groups. This efficient conversion makes NMN one of the most promising supplements for maintaining NAD+ levels and supporting cellular health as we get older.

TMG, also known as betaine, is a methyl-rich compound that helps support methylation—a key biochemical process that affects everything from gene expression to detoxification.

You can find TMG naturally in beets, spinach, and whole grains. Its main job is to help convert homocysteine back to methionine, which then produces S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the body’s universal methyl donor.

This recycling function makes TMG valuable for keeping methylation balanced, especially when your body’s metabolic demands go up or when you’re not getting enough methyl sources from your diet.

Why Some People Take NMN and TMG Together

The main reason for combining NMN with TMG is to keep methylation balanced during NAD+ metabolism.

While NMN doesn’t directly use up methyl groups when it turns into NAD+, the processes that follow might indirectly affect the body’s methylation capacity.

This is the basic process that some researchers and supplement users are concerned about:

NMN turns into NAD+ without using methyl groups
Enzymes like sirtuins and PARPs use up NAD+ during normal cell functions
This releases nicotinamide (NAM) as a byproduct
When there’s too much NAM to recycle back to NAD+, the body clears the excess through methylation
This clearing process uses S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), which can drain methyl reserves

The NNMT enzyme helps with this clearing by moving a methyl group from SAMe to NAM, creating methylnicotinamide that the body can excrete. Some speculate that taking high doses of NMN could speed up this cycle, potentially putting strain on methyl donor reserves over time.

Benefits of NMN and TMG Supplementation

An image of two matured woman enjoying the benefit of NMN and TMG Supplementation

While experts still debate whether these supplements need to be taken together, there are several good reasons to pair TMG and NMN. The benefits go beyond just fixing theoretical methylation issues – they might work together to support health and longevity.

Supporting Healthy Methylation

As we’ve explored, NMN doesn’t directly use up methyl groups when it turns into NAD+, but the way NAD+ breaks down later might indirectly increase the need for methylation.

People with MTHFR gene variants (which can reduce methylation capacity by 30-70%) might also react differently to NMN supplements and could benefit more from TMG co-supplementation.

TMG works as a safety net by:

Providing extra methyl groups to support this clearance process
Helping recycle homocysteine back to methionine, which then creates SAMe
Potentially preventing high homocysteine levels, a marker linked to poor methylation

Promoting Heart Health and Metabolism

Beyond methylation, both NMN and TMG offer heart and metabolic benefits that may complement each other when taken together.

NMN works by raising NAD+ levels, which are vital for metabolism, DNA repair, and stress responses. This NAD+ boost has been linked to improvements in obesity, diabetes, and heart failure.

NMN research shows it can improve cardiac function in aging hearts by fixing age-related heart problems and boosting mitochondrial health. ¹ It also helps restore heart function in cardiomyopathy models by activating SIRT3, a mitochondrial protein deacetylase. ²

TMG helps convert homocysteine to methionine, which can lower plasma homocysteine by up to 20% in one study. ³ This matters because high homocysteine is a risk factor for heart disease.

In animal studies, TMG increases bile acid secretion and normalizes lipid metabolism, which may help turn cholesterol into bile acids and reduce atherosclerosis. ⁴

Enhancing Physical Performance

The combination of TMG and NMN might work together to boost physical performance and help you recover faster—areas that can benefit both athletes and older adults.

Research with older adults shows NMN supplements can help increase muscle strength and improve aerobic capacity. In a six-week clinical trial, people taking moderate to high doses of NMN showed better oxygen uptake and improved power compared to those taking a placebo⁵.

Researchers think NMN helps aerobic capacity by improving how muscles use oxygen during activity.

Athletes have also used TMG (often labeled betaine in sports supplements) to boost power output and increase their training volume.

Studies show it can help build lean muscle and reduce body fat when combined with resistance training. ⁶ Its role in supporting methylation might also speed up recovery by helping cells repair themselves after exercise.

Improving Cognitive Function

The brain consumes about 20% of our energy while only making up 2% of our body weight. This high energy demand makes brain cells highly dependent on efficient NAD+ metabolism.

Studies in animals show NMN supplementation improves cognitive function in models of Alzheimer’s disease and age-related cognitive decline. ⁷ ⁸ Human research is still limited, but early findings suggest NMN might support cognitive aspects like processing speed and executive function.

TMG (as betaine) shows potential to protect the brain through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, with promising research in Alzheimer’s models.

Studies show betaine prevents memory problems while lowering brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), an important marker of oxidative damage. ⁹ This suggests TMG might help shield brain cells from the oxidative stress that comes with aging and neurodegenerative conditions.

The Right TMG Dosage with NMN

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The evidence shows a 1:1 ratio of TMG to NMN works well for most people. This ratio appears to strike the right balance between NAD+ synthesis and methyl group replenishment, based on available information. Most people who take NMN use between 250-1000 mg per day, with matching TMG doses in the same range.

When to Take TMG and NMN

Timing considerations can impact how well NMN and TMG supplements work:

Morning with food: Take both NMN and TMG in the morning with breakfast. This works with your body’s natural rhythms and helps you absorb them better while supporting your energy levels all day.
With meals: Some NAD+ precursors might work better on an empty stomach, but taking NMN and TMG with food can help prevent stomach discomfort and might actually improve absorption, especially for TMG.
Daily routine: Taking these supplements at the same time each day helps maintain steady levels of both compounds in your system, which likely optimizes their effects on NAD+ levels and methylation balance.

Potential Risks and Side Effects

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While both NMN and TMG have good safety profiles when used appropriately, there are some potential downsides to consider when combining them.

The most common side effects are digestive issues:

NMN sometimes causes mild nausea or bloating, especially at higher doses
TMG can cause temporary stomach discomfort
Taking these with food often helps reduce these effects

Excessive methylation from high TMG doses can throw off your neurotransmitter balance, which might affect your mood and thinking. This risk is pretty small with standard doses (500-1000 mg of TMG daily) but could matter if you’re taking several methyl donors at once.

You should also be careful and consult with a healthcare provider if you have:

Liver problems (TMG plays a role in liver metabolism)
Existing methylation disorders
A history of cancer

Medication interactions are possible with antifolate drugs like methotrexate, certain antidepressants, and medications metabolized through methylation pathways.

As with any supplements, it’s best to start with lower doses and check with your doctor about possible interactions to get the most benefit with the least risk.

Should You Take TMG with NMN?

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The science suggests most people taking standard NMN doses (250-500mg daily) probably don’t need extra TMG.

You might want to add TMG if you:

Take high doses of NMN (750-1000mg+ daily) for a long time
Have genetic variations that affect methylation (like MTHFR variants)
Have high homocysteine levels in your blood tests
Feel unexplained fatigue or notice cognitive changes when taking NMN alone

If you don’t have these factors, NMN by itself is likely fine. Your body can usually maintain enough methylation capacity to handle standard NMN doses.

If you’re worried about methylation but want alternatives to TMG, you can:

Make sure you’re getting enough B-vitamins (especially folate, B6, and B12)
Eat foods that support methylation like leafy greens, legumes, and eggs
Take moderate doses of methylfolate or methylcobalamin
Regularly test your methylation markers to keep track of your status

Most people taking standard doses of NMN do well without TMG. The concerns about methyl depletion haven’t really been proven in typical supplementation at normal doses.

If you want a science-backed approach to boost NAD+, Jinfiniti’s Vitality ↑® NAD+ Booster Powder offers a balanced mix of NMN, D-ribose, niacinamide, and creatine monohydrate. These compounds work together to support cellular energy and NAD+ levels without needing extra methylation support.

If you’d rather take the guesswork out, you can pair Vitality ↑® with our Intracellular NAD® Test to measure your actual NAD levels and adjust your supplements based on real data instead of theoretical concerns.

Frequently Asked Questions

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Do you need to take TMG with NMN?

No, most people don’t need TMG with standard NMN doses (250-500mg daily). TMG may be beneficial for those taking high NMN doses (750mg+), individuals with MTHFR gene variants, or those with elevated homocysteine levels. For the average person, NMN alone is typically sufficient.

How does TMG compare with other methyl donors?

TMG (trimethylglycine) is just one of several methyl donors. Compared to alternatives:

SAM-e: More potent and direct as a methyl donor but significantly more expensive and less stable than TMG
Folate: Works synergistically with B12 to support methylation through a different pathway than TMG
Betaine: TMG is actually betaine anhydrous, so they’re essentially the same compound with identical effects

Each has different absorption profiles and mechanisms, but TMG offers a good balance of effectiveness, stability, and value for methylation support.

Can you take NMN and TMG with resveratrol?

NMN, TMG and resveratrol can be taken together safely. The NMN and resveratrol combo is popular among longevity enthusiasts because resveratrol helps activate sirtuins while NMN supplies the NAD+ that sirtuins need to work. These supplements don’t have any known negative interactions, and they might actually work well together to give you better results.

Does Dr. David Sinclair take TMG?

Dr. David Sinclair mentions in podcasts that he takes TMG with his NMN supplements. He includes TMG in his routine to play it safe about NMN possibly affecting the body’s methylation processes. This shows his careful approach, though scientists still debate whether it’s actually needed.

Referenced Sources:

Ginger and Turmeric: A Golden Pair That Works Better Together

Written by Jinfiniti Science on March 4, 2025. Posted in Nutrition, Turmeric/Curcumin. No Comments on Ginger and Turmeric: A Golden Pair That Works Better Together

Long before golden lattes were all over Instagram and wellness shots lined grocery store shelves, ginger and turmeric were kitchen staples and go-to remedies in Asian households.

These bright, earthy roots weren’t just for flavor, they were trusted for everything from soothing digestion to keeping the body feeling strong and balanced.

Today, research is catching up, confirming what traditional practitioners have known for centuries about the health benefits of turmeric and ginger, showing that this dynamic duo supports everything from a healthy inflammatory response to immune function.

Let’s dive in and see why these ancient roots have earned their “golden pair” status, and why they deserve a spot in your daily wellness routine.

Key Takeaways

Studies show that ginger and turmeric combined help maintain a healthy inflammatory response more effectively than either spice alone.
These golden spices support normal cholesterol levels and help protect cells from oxidative stress, which is key for long-term cardiovascular wellness.
One simple habit, big benefits. Whether you sip, sprinkle, or supplement, adding ginger and turmeric to your routine is an effortless way to support your overall well-being.

Synergy Between Ginger and Turmeric

Have you ever heard of a duo so good together you can’t imagine one without the other? Like peanut butter and jelly, or Netflix and a cozy blanket?

That’s exactly how ginger and turmeric work inside your body.

The magic lies in their complementary biochemistry. Ginger’s bioactive compounds—mainly gingerols and shogaols—don’t just work alongside turmeric’s curcuminoids; they create what scientists call a “potentiation effect.” In simple terms, they make each other stronger.

Research published in Phytotherapy Research examined a herbal formulation containing turmeric, ginger, and black pepper, revealing something fascinating: these ingredients together created effects that surpassed what you’d expect from just adding their individual benefits. ¹

What’s particularly interesting is how this partnership works on a cellular level.

When combined, ginger and turmeric powder boost antioxidant activity much more than either spice alone. ² This enhanced antioxidant effect isn’t just additive, it’s multiplicative. The ginger compounds seem to protect curcumin from breaking down quickly, keeping it active in your system longer while also helping your body absorb it better.

This biochemical teamwork means you’re not just getting two separate benefits running side by side—you’re getting a comprehensive support system where each root amplifies the other’s strengths.

Each has unique active compounds that support the body’s natural processes. Ginger’s bioactive compounds like gingerols likely work synergistically with turmeric to enhance its effects.

Anti-Inflammatory Benefits of Turmeric and Ginger

Think of your body’s inflammatory response as a built-in defense system. It’s there to protect you, but if it’s out of balance, you might start feeling not quite yourself.

This is where ginger and turmeric really shine. They target different aspects of your body’s inflammatory pathways.

Turmeric’s major compound curcumin is well-known for fighting inflammation.

Curcumin helps control NF-κB, a key pathway that works like a master switch for inflammation-related proteins. ³ When this pathway is working as it should, your body can handle everyday stressors more smoothly without overreacting.

Ginger’s shogaols work differently by supporting MAPK signaling, another crucial pathway for keeping a balanced inflammatory response.

A study in Molecules found that a 5:2 ginger-turmeric ratio cuts TNF and IL-6 by 40-60% in immune cells. ⁴When combined in this ratio, they work even better together, helping your body naturally regulate key inflammation proteins.

But their benefits don’t stop there. Ginger and turmeric also boost your body’s built-in antioxidant defenses.

Both 6-shogaol (from ginger) and curcumin help activate Nrf2, a protein that stimulates the production of protective enzymes like HO-1. ⁵ ⁶ These enzymes help shield your cells from oxidative stress, which is key for long-term wellness.

The bottom line: when you take turmeric and ginger, they can provide full-spectrum anti-inflammatory support for your body, working from multiple angles to help you feel your best.

Digestive Health Benefits of the Golden Pair

These ancient roots have been trusted for centuries to support digestive comfort, and now science is showing just how powerful they really are.

Ginger has long been used to support digestive comfort like reducing nausea, bloating, and general stomach discomfort. ⁷ Turmeric is gaining attention for its role in gut health.

A study published in The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry shows that ginger supports gut barrier function and promotes a balanced microbiome. ⁸

But the real magic happens when you take turmeric and ginger together. Combined, they create a protective effect against digestive inflammation and support the body’s natural digestive processes. ⁹ Their combined effects help promote digestive comfort while supporting normal gut function.

The Immunity-Bolstering Benefits

An image of a matured woman with healthy immune system

If you’re someone who likes to support your wellness throughout the year, you’ll be happy to know that ginger and turmeric are like a dynamic duo for your immune system. These golden roots don’t just add flavor to your food—they help maintain your body’s natural defenses in a simple, natural way.

Ginger is a time-tested remedy for maintaining healthy airways, thanks to its antimicrobial properties and benefits for the respiratory tract. ¹⁰ ¹¹ Turmeric complements ginger’s immune-supporting properties and contributes to healthy immune cell activity.

Research in Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology backs this up, showing that turmeric helps regulate immune cell function and cytokine balance. ¹²

Keeping cytokines balanced helps your body maintain appropriate responses. That’s why turmeric is so valuable—it doesn’t just stimulate immune activity (which isn’t always good), but helps your body maintain natural immune balance.

Studies looking at these spices together also show they improve immune responses, with increased antibody production and better cellular immune responses. ¹³

Natural Joint Health and Pain Relief

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As we age, our joints take on a lot. The good news is, ginger and turmeric offer natural support for keeping your joints and muscles functioning at their best.

Research shows ginger can ease muscle pain from eccentric exercise. ¹⁴ Whether it’s following a tough workout or a day spent on your feet, ginger helps maintain flexibility and supports your body’s natural comfort response.

Reviews and meta-analyses confirm that turmeric extracts help manage knee osteoarthritis symptoms. Turmeric reduces pain and improves physical function, with a safety profile like placebo and fewer side effects than NSAIDs. ¹⁵

Studies show that combining turmeric and ginger can cut pain levels in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis just as effectively as NSAIDs like Naproxen. ¹⁶

Case studies and clinical trials also report improvements in pain and mobility for people taking turmeric and ginger, suggesting they can boost joint function and quality of life for arthritis patients. ¹⁷

The Spice Duo that Keeps Your Heart Strong

If you’ve been looking for simple, natural ways to keep your heart in good shape, ginger and turmeric may offer natural support for heart health in ways you wouldn’t expect.

A review in the Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research shows ginger and turmeric help maintain normal cholesterol levels. They support balanced lipid profiles by maintaining healthy levels of total cholesterol, LDL (“bad” cholesterol), and triglycerides, while supporting HDL (“good” cholesterol). ¹⁸

Another systematic review that looked at these spices in people with type 2 diabetes showed ginger and turmeric helped improve lipid profiles. ¹⁹ The researchers found these spices can be a natural way to help maintain healthy cholesterol levels.

This balance is important because too much LDL and triglycerides can put extra strain on your cardiovascular system.

Endocrine and Metabolism Support

Your endocrine system is like your body’s communication network. It uses hormones to control important functions like growth, energy use, and even your mood. When this system is working well, you feel energetic, your weight stays stable, and you generally feel your best.

Research in The American Journal of Chinese Medicine shows that turmeric and ginger can help maintain healthy hormone levels and support normal hormone receptor interactions. ²⁰ In other words, they can help your body’s messaging system work more efficiently.

When it comes to metabolism—how your body converts food into energy—these golden spices shine even brighter. They boost energy metabolism by affecting basal metabolic rate (BMR), total energy expenditure, and lipid oxidation.

Ginger is noted for its positive effects on weight control and obesity prevention, while curcumin inhibits the conversion of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes, having a positive impact on lipid metabolism and energy expenditure. ²¹

How to Add Ginger and Turmeric to Your Routine

Adding ginger and turmeric to your daily routine is simple. You can easily include these powerful botanicals in your cooking or take them as supplements, giving you regular access to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.

Through Diet: Culinary Applications

One of the easiest ways to enjoy ginger and turmeric is through your diet.

Here are some simple ideas:

Add freshly grated ginger and turmeric to soups, stews, and stir-fries
Blend them into smoothies with fruits like mango or pineapple
Sprinkle ground turmeric on roasted vegetables or scrambled eggs
Make a warming tea with fresh ginger slices, a pinch of turmeric, and lemon

Golden Milk: A Therapeutic Tradition

Golden milk (or “turmeric latte”) stands out as perhaps the most effective way to consume turmeric regularly. This ancient Ayurvedic preparation combines turmeric with fat and black pepper—elements that dramatically improve curcumin absorption.

Classic Golden Milk Recipe:

Ingredients:

1 cup milk of choice (coconut, almond, or dairy)
1 teaspoon ground turmeric
½ teaspoon ground ginger
¼ teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
1 teaspoon coconut oil or ghee
Optional: cinnamon, cardamom, honey or maple syrup to taste

Instructions:

1.Combine all ingredients except sweetener in a small saucepan

2. Heat gently, whisking continuously for about 3-5 minutes until warm but not boiling

3. Remove from heat, add sweetener if desired

4. Strain if using fresh ginger, and enjoy warm

The black pepper in this recipe is crucial—piperine, its active compound, increases curcumin absorption by up to 2,000%, transforming turmeric from a pleasant spice into a therapeutic intervention.

Supplementation: Precision and Convenience

While food sources are beneficial, supplements give you concentrated, standardized doses of active compounds that you might not get enough of through diet alone. This matters especially when you’re targeting specific health goals or inflammatory conditions.

When choosing a turmeric supplement, two things really matter:

1. Curcuminoid content: Go for products standardized to 95% curcuminoids

2. Bioavailability enhancers: Either black pepper extract (piperine) or advanced delivery systems

Jinfiniti’s Extra Strength Turmeric curcumin supplement tackles both issues with a well-rounded approach to fighting inflammation. Each serving gives you research-backed amounts of:

Turmeric extract standardized to 95% curcuminoids

Ginger root that complements turmeric’s effects

Boswellia serrata extract that works together with turmeric against inflammation

Quercetin for extra antioxidant protection

Piperine from black pepper extract to boost absorption

This carefully balanced mix targets several inflammatory pathways at once, giving you more complete support than products with just one ingredient. If you’re dealing with chronic inflammation or want to support joint health, this precisely formulated approach might work better than just using turmeric in cooking.

Special Cautions and Potential Side Effects

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While turmeric and ginger are safe for most people, they do pack some powerful bioactive compounds that call for a few precautions.

Medication Interactions

Blood Thinners: Both spices have natural anticoagulant effects and can increase bleeding risk when taken with aspirin, warfarin, or clopidogrel

Diabetes Medications: They may boost insulin sensitivity, potentially making blood sugar medications work more strongly

Acid Reducers: Turmeric might work against medications that lower stomach acid

When to Be Careful

Before Surgery: Stop taking them at least two weeks before any procedures due to bleeding risk

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Using them in food is generally safe; medicinal doses should be discussed with a healthcare provider

Gallbladder Conditions: Turmeric stimulates bile production, which could be a problem if you have gallstones or bile duct issues

Digestive Sensitivities: They might cause mild stomach discomfort in larger amounts

Quality Matters

Source is important—look for products tested for contaminants

Third-party testing helps ensure purity and potency

Standardized extracts provide more consistent therapeutic effects

It’s best to check with your healthcare provider before starting any supplements, especially if you have health conditions or take medications. Everyone responds differently based on genetics, gut microbiome, and overall health.

Referenced Sources:

Vibrant blue and pink DNA strand representing NAD World 3.0

What is NAD World 3.0?

Written by Jinfiniti Science on March 1, 2025. Posted in NAD+, NMN.

The NAD World 3.0 is the newest version of a framework that explains how aging and longevity in mammals are regulated through NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) metabolism.

Shin-Ichiro Imai and his team came up with this theory in 2025¹, building on their earlier ideas from 2009 and 2016 while adding important new elements. These include the small intestine as a key tissue, the Slc12a8 NMN transporter, and extracellular NAMPT (eNAMPT)-containing vesicles.

The core idea is that aging happens when multi-layered feedback loops break down – these loops involve NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) and eNAMPT working across four main tissues: the hypothalamus, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and small intestine.

This paradigm shift gives us much better insights into how declining NAD+ throughout the body drives aging and points to new targets for potential treatments.

Key Takeaways

NAD World 3.0 explains aging by looking at how NAD+ metabolism declines in four key tissues: the hypothalamus, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and small intestine.
The theory shows there are two NAD+ regulation systems: a fast pathway that uses Slc12a8 transporters and a slow pathway that uses eNAMPT-containing vesicles.
These findings point to several possible anti-aging approaches, including NMN supplements, targeted delivery systems, and gut microbiome interventions.

From NAD World 1.0 to 2.0: Laying the Foundation

The NAD World hypothesis (2009) put NAD+ at the center of mammalian aging by showing how it works through sirtuin-mediated deacetylation and circadian rhythm regulation².

This idea highlighted two key players:

SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase that controls DNA repair, metabolism, and stress resistance
NAMPT, the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD+ salvage pathway that’s responsible for making NAD+ throughout the body.

By 2016, new findings led to an update called NAD World 2.0³, which added three important tissues to the picture:

The hypothalamus as the control center for aging
Skeletal muscle as the mediator of metabolism
Adipose tissue as the modulator of NAD+.

This newer version highlighted how tissues talk to each other through adipose-derived eNAMPT vesicles and how the hypothalamus sends sympathetic signals to peripheral tissues.

But we still didn’t know enough about how NMN moves through the body and how different tissues maintain their NAD+ levels—gaps that the 3.0 version tries to fill.

Advancements Leading to NAD World 3.0

Three breakthroughs pushed us into NAD World 3.0:

Finding Slc12a8 as the main NMN transporter that lets cells directly take up NMN.
Understanding how eNAMPT-containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) work as long-range carriers for NAD+ biosynthesis.
Discovering the small intestine’s role as the fourth pillar in controlling systemic NAD+ through NMN absorption and circulation.

These discoveries showed us previously hidden layers of time and space control over NAD+ balance. We now need a model that includes both quick (minutes) NMN transport and slower (hours/days) eNAMPT-driven NAD+ synthesis.

The Four Pillars of NAD World 3.0

Think of NAD World 3.0 as a communication network between four major “control centers” in your body:

1. The Hypothalamus: The Brain’s Command Center

Deep in the brain, the hypothalamus works like a control center, maintaining the vital systems that guide your body’s cells throughout life. It:

Sends signals to muscles and fat tissue
Controls essential conditions like temperature and hunger
Uses NAD+ as a key resource to keep biological processes running properly

When the hypothalamus doesn’t have enough NAD+, its function declines, causing your body’s cells to operate less efficiently and potentially speed up the aging process.

2. Skeletal Muscle: The Power Generator

Your muscles are your body’s biggest users of NAD+. They:

Burn energy to move your body
Release special molecules called myokines that affect other tissues
Work closely with the hypothalamus through a feedback system

As you age and NAD+ levels drop, muscle weakness and fatigue can result.

3. Fat Tissue: The Communication Hub

Your fat cells do more than just store energy. In NAD World 3.0, they:

Package NAMPT (the enzyme that makes NAD+) into tiny bubbles called vesicles
Send these vesicles through your bloodstream to other tissues
Help maintain NAD+ levels throughout your body

This explains why changes in body fat can affect how we age.

4. Small Intestine: The Supply Manager

The newest addition to the theory, your small intestine:

Absorbs NMN (the direct precursor of NAD+) from your diet
Contains high levels of the Slc12a8 transporter to capture NMN
May interact with gut bacteria that produce NAD+ precursors

This explains why diet may significantly impact how we age.

How the System Works Together

NAD World 3.0 describes two main ways these systems work together:

The Fast Lane: Quick NAD+ Adjustments

When your body needs quick energy or repair:

The small intestine absorbs NMN from food
The Slc12a8 transporter quickly moves NMN into cells
Cells convert NMN to NAD+ within minutes
This NAD+ powers immediate cellular needs

This is like having a fast-charging system for your cellular batteries.

The Slow Lane: Long-Term NAD+ Maintenance

For ongoing NAD+ support:

The hypothalamus signals fat tissue
Fat tissue releases NAMPT-containing vesicles
These vesicles travel to tissues that need NAD+
The tissues use NAMPT to make NAD+ over hours or days

This system keeps your NAD+ levels stable over time, like a backup generator.

What This Means for Anti-Aging Treatments

NAD World 3.0 suggests several promising approaches to slow aging:

NMN Supplements: Taking pure NMN could boost NAD+ levels, especially if absorbed by the small intestine.
NMNH: A modified form of NMN that might better reach the brain.
Slc12a8 Enhancers: Drugs that increase this transporter could improve NMN absorption.
Targeted Delivery Systems: Special particles that deliver NAD+ precursors to specific tissues.
Gut Microbiome Approaches: Probiotics with bacteria (Fructobacillus) that produce NAD+ building blocks.

Simple Analogy

Think of your body like a smartphone:

NAD+ = Battery percentage
NMN = Quick charger
eNAMPT vesicles = Battery replacement service
Hypothalamus = Operating system
Aging = Battery degradation over years

Current anti-aging approaches are like using portable chargers (NMN supplements). Future tech might involve replacing the battery cells (eNAMPT vesicles) or upgrading the OS (hypothalamus repair).

The Big Picture

The NAD World 3.0 theory is a big step forward in how we understand aging. Instead of just looking at single cells or genes like older theories did, this framework shows how different body systems work together during the aging process.

This theory suggests aging isn’t simply about wearing out over time. It’s actually caused by the breakdown of a complex communication network between your brain, muscles, fat tissue, and intestines—all linked by NAD+.

As scientists test and refine this theory, we might find new ways to keep our NAD+ levels up as we get older. This could potentially slow down age-related decline and help us stay healthy longer.

The science is still evolving, but NAD World 3.0 gives us a fresh roadmap for understanding one of life’s biggest mysteries: why and how we age.

Referenced Sources

Two supplement bottles of NMN and Niacin side by side comparison in dramatic lighting

NMN vs. Niacin: Safety and Efficacy for Longevity

Written by Jinfiniti Science on February 28, 2025. Posted in NMN, Longevity, NAD+ Precursors, Niacin.

Inside your cells, there’s a fascinating molecule called NAD+ that plays a key role in how you age. This coenzyme isn’t just important – it’s essential for hundreds of processes that keep your cells healthy.

The catch? Your NAD+ levels drop as you age, which speeds up aging and can trigger various health problems.

With aging and longevity supplements such hot topics, it’s not surprising that NAD+ boosters have taken off. Two of the most talked-about options are NMN and niacin. While they both help your body make NAD+, they work through different pathways.

So what’s the real story with these two supplements?

We need to look at their safety profiles, how well they boost NAD+ levels, and their effects on longevity. Which one works better? Can you take them long-term? And most importantly – which one might be right for you?

Key Takeaways

NMN offers a more direct path to NAD+ with fewer side effects than niacin, though it costs more
NMN supports cellular energy and brain health, while niacin may help manage cholesterol and skin conditions
Niacin commonly causes flushing and potential liver issues, while NMN shows minimal side effects in current research
Testing your NAD+ levels before taking NMN or niacin ensures you get the right dose and avoids potential negative effects of excessive intake

What’s the Difference Between Niacin and NMN?

NAD+ boosters have come a long way since their early days. One of the first was niacin, which is just another name for nicotinic acid. It’s a form of vitamin B3 that helps with basic body functions like metabolism and energy production, and it keeps your skin healthy too. Doctors have been using it for years, especially to help people manage their cholesterol.¹

NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide) is the new kid on the block. It’s getting a lot of attention because it can boost NAD+ levels in a more direct way. While it’s related to vitamin B3 chemically, it’s mainly sold as a supplement for longevity, energy, and keeping your cells healthy.

Here’s how niacin works in your body – it’s not exactly straightforward. Before it can turn into NAD+, it has to go through multiple steps.

It first changes into nicotinamide, and then that turns into NAD+. Each time it transforms, the process becomes less efficient and burns up some of your cell’s energy.

NMN takes a more direct route. Your body can absorb it easily and turn it straight into NAD+, skipping some of the steps that niacin has to go through.² That’s why it’s faster and more effective at boosting NAD+ levels.

Looking at cost, niacin’s definitely the more budget-friendly choice. You can find it pretty much anywhere that sells supplements, and it’s in lots of everyday foods like nuts, dairy products, and leafy greens. That makes it an easy choice for most people.

NMN costs quite a bit more, mainly because it works more efficiently and it’s still relatively new to the market. The NMN supplement price tag reflects its position as a premium NAD+ precursor. Even though it’s more expensive, lots of people pick NMN because they’re specifically looking for those benefits to energy, longevity, and cellular health.

Infographic showing the differences between NMN and Niacin

Benefits of NMN vs. Niacin

Both NMN and niacin help boost NAD+ levels as we age, but they work differently in the body. Let’s look at how they stack up:

Benefits of NMN

Since NMN is a direct NAD+ precursor, it effectively raises NAD+ levels, which can result in:

Increased Cellular Energy – NMN kicks SIRT1 proteins into action, as shown in the Journal of Advanced Research.³ These proteins of the sirtuin family keep the mitochondria and nucleus talking to each other, which is critical for your cells to produce energy efficiently.

Improved Brain Health – A study in Brain Research shows that NMN helps keep neurons healthy and reduces oxidative stress in the brain.⁴ This matters because oxidative stress can lead to cognitive problems as we age.

Metabolic Health Boost – NMN has been shown to support healthy blood sugar levels and improve insulin sensitivity in a study published in the Journal of Translational Medicine.⁵

Cardiovascular Support – NMN also promotes healthy blood vessel function, improves circulation, and supports cardiovascular health as we age.⁶

Want to learn more? Check out our full article on what makes NMN supplements so promising.

Benefits of Niacin

Niacin’s been around for a while, and there’s good reason for that. Here are some research-backed benefits:

Cholesterol Management – In a study published in JAMA Internal Medicine, niacin helped raise HDL (good cholesterol) and lower LDL (bad cholesterol) and triglycerides in patients with difficult-to-treat dyslipidemias, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.⁷

Skin and DNA Repair – A study published in the British Journal of Nutrition showed that niacin may help protect against cumulative DNA damage, lowering the risk of premature aging and skin conditions.⁸

Support for Brain Health – A study published in Neurotherapeutics shows that niacin fights neurodegeneration and supports brain function, possibly reducing the risk of neurodegenerative conditions.⁹

Improved Blood Flow – Scientists discovered that niacin helps keep the endothelium (that’s the thin layer lining your blood vessels) healthy, which means better blood flow throughout your body.¹⁰

Side Effects of Niacin vs. NMN

An image of a matured woman suffering from the side effects of NMN and Niacin.

The research we have so far shows that NMN is safe and well-tolerated, even when people take higher doses.¹¹ Users don’t typically report any significant side effects or discomfort. However, since NMN is relatively new, data on long-term safety is still being researched.

Niacin, on the other hand, has been studied for decades, so we know a lot more about its safety profile. While it’s effective at increasing NAD+ and improving cholesterol levels, it can cause some serious side effects, particularly at high doses:

First, there’s the niacin flush – your face and upper body might feel warm and tingly, and turn red. It’s usually harmless but can be pretty uncomfortable

It can also upset your stomach, leading to nausea and vomiting. If you have peptic ulcers, niacin might make them worse. ¹²

High doses can be toxic to the liver, especially if you’re taking the sustained-release form. This means you’ll need regular monitoring if you’re using it long-term.¹³

There’s also a link to diabetes – studies show that people taking niacin have a 34% higher chance of developing diabetes compared to those who don’t.¹⁴

If you have liver problems, you’ll want to check with your doctor before taking niacin. It can raise your liver enzymes over time, so they’ll need to monitor your liver function.

People with diabetes or insulin resistance should be extra careful since niacin can affect blood sugar levels. If you have gout, keep in mind that niacin can increase uric acid levels, which might trigger a flare-up.¹⁵

If you have low blood pressure, niacin might lower it further, especially if you’re taking other medications. It’s definitely worth having a conversation with your healthcare provider before considering supplementation.

Last but not least – we’ve also had users report extremely high NAD+ levels when taking our intracellular NAD+ test while using niacin supplements. This isn’t ideal – it’s different from what we see with NMN, which raises NAD+ levels more gradually.

Why Does Niacin Cause Flushing but NMN Doesn’t?

When someone takes niacin, it triggers a specific receptor called GPR109A on their skin cells. This kicks off a chain reaction where the cells release two types of prostaglandins – PGD2 and PGE2. These molecules make blood vessels widen, and that’s what causes the characteristic warm, red flush.¹⁶

There’s also a serotonin connection – niacin bumps up serotonin levels, which can make some people feel itchy along with the flush. Most people start feeling these effects about 15-30 minutes after taking niacin, and it can stick around for up to an hour.¹⁷

NMN works differently. It doesn’t set off that GPR109A receptor or cause any prostaglandin release.

Instead, it goes straight into making NAD+. That’s why people don’t get that flushing reaction with NMN – there’s no redness or tingling because it bypasses all those steps that cause the flush. You just get the NAD+ boost without the side effects.

Can You Take Niacin and NMN Together?

An image of a matured woman deciding which pills to take.

You can take both niacin and NMN—but do you need to? That depends on your goals.

Niacin is found in plenty of foods like meat, fish, nuts, and whole grains. Most people get enough from their diet, so unless you’re taking it for a specific reason (like cholesterol support), there’s no real need to supplement.

Some suggest the combination may have synergistic effects for longevity and metabolic health.

However, as we mentioned before, there is a risk that niacin could push NAD+ levels too high, and we don’t fully understand the long-term effects of increasing NAD+ beyond the healthy range.

If you decide to take both, start small – try low doses of niacin (50-250 mg) along with NMN to support your NAD+ levels without overwhelming your system.

Timing matters too. Many people take their niacin at night to avoid the flushing effect during the day, while they’ll take NMN in the morning.

NMN is more commonly combined with nicotinamide riboside (NR), another NAD+ precursor that converts into NAD+ through a different pathway than niacin.

How Do You Know if Your Supplement is Working?

Many people assume higher NAD+ is always better, but that’s not necessarily true. If your NAD+ levels are already optimal, adding high doses of niacin or NMN may not provide extra benefits and could even backfire.

If your levels get too high, you might experience fatigue, headaches, or other subtle changes. In contrast, if your NAD+ is too low, you may still struggle with low energy, brain fog, or sluggish recovery.

This is why getting a baseline test before supplementing (or adjusting doses) is a smart move. The key is listening to your body and finding a level that works for you.

So how can you tell if your supplement is actually working?

The best way is to test your NAD+ levels. To make sure you’re not taking too much or too little, the Intracellular NAD+ Test offers a first-of-its-kind, reliable at-home solution to measure your NAD+ levels. This comprehensive test identifies deficiencies and provides actionable insights to optimize your NAD+ intake.

Intracellular NAD Test promotional image

Making the Right Choice for Longevity

An image of matured man and woman enjoying longevity.

When choosing between NMN and niacin, consider both your health goals and budget. If you’re after a simple, flush-free way to boost NAD+, NMN works well. But if you’re focusing on heart health or cholesterol management, low-dose niacin might offer extra benefits. Cost-wise, niacin is typically cheaper, while NMN tends to be more expensive.

Quality matters when finding the right supplement. Not all NAD+ boosters are created equal, so look for pure, third-party tested products to ensure reliability.

Watch out for side effects too. Start with low doses and adjust gradually to find what suits your body best. Niacin in particular can come with serious risks, especially at higher doses.

For a complete approach to NAD+ enhacement, Vitality ↑® NAD+ Booster offers a science-backed option. This premium supplement combines four synergistic ingredients—Niacinamide, Creatine Monohydrate, D-Ribose, and NMN—to boost NAD+ levels more effectively than single-ingredient alternatives.

What sets Vitality ↑® NAD+ Booster apart?

Clinically formulated to efficiently restore and sustain optimal NAD+ levels.

No unnecessary fillers—just premium, natural compounds for optimal cellular health.

Independently verified to ensure purity, potency, and effectiveness.

Backed by 5+ years of research and real-world use, delivering consistent, reliable results.

With Vitality ↑®, you’re not just taking another supplement—you’re giving your body the fuel it needs to thrive, stay energized, and support long-term health.

Frequently Asked Questions

An image of a cork board depicting questions.

How do NMN and niacin supplements interact with common medications?

Both NMN and niacin can interact with certain medications. Niacin can affect how well blood pressure medications, statins, and diabetes drugs work. NMN has fewer known drug interactions, but it’s still important to check with your doctor before starting either supplement, especially if you’re taking medications for chronic conditions.

Are there age-specific recommendations for NMN vs. niacin supplementation?

While everyone’s NAD+ levels drop with age, the best timing and dosage can vary. Research suggests NMN might work better for people over 40, when NAD+ levels typically start declining more quickly. Younger people might do fine with lower doses or just dietary sources of niacin unless they have specific health concerns.

How do lifestyle factors like exercise, diet, and sleep impact the effectiveness of NMN and niacin?

Lifestyle factors strongly affect how your body responds to NAD+ precursors. Regular exercise naturally boosts NAD+ levels, which might enhance the supplements’ effects. Intermittent fasting and caloric restriction have also been shown to increase NAD+ levels. Poor sleep, too much alcohol, and chronic stress can drain NAD+ reserves, potentially making the supplements less effective.

Can NMN or niacin supplementation benefit athletic performance and recovery?

Research is starting to show that NAD+ precursors might boost athletic performance and recovery by improving how mitochondria work and how energy is produced. Some athletes say they’ve noticed faster recovery times and better endurance when taking NMN specifically, though we need more clinical studies to confirm these effects across different types of physical activities.

What biomarkers beyond NAD+ levels should I monitor when taking these supplements?

Beyond NAD+ levels, it’s worth keeping an eye on inflammation markers (like CRP or IL-6), blood glucose and insulin levels, liver function tests (especially with niacin), and oxidative stress markers. For a complete picture of how these supplements are affecting your health, also track things like energy levels, sleep quality, and how well you’re thinking and focusing.

Author: Jinfiniti Science

David Sinclair’s Complete Supplement List in 2025

David Sinclair’s Core Anti-Aging Supplements

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)

Resveratrol

Spermidine

Fisetin

Additional Supplements in Sinclair’s Routine

Vitamin D3 & K2

Trimethylglycine (TMG/Betaine)

Omega-3 Fish Oil

L-Taurine

CoQ10

Prescription Medications in Sinclair’s Protocol

Metformin

Low-Dose Aspirin

Rapamycin

Scientific Basis for the Supplements David Sinclair Takes

NAD+ Precursors and Sirtuin Activation

Why David Sinclair Prefers NMN Over NR

Senolytic Approach

Metabolic Regulators

Supporting Nutrients

Dr. Sinclair’s Other Daily Habits for Longevity

How to Approach Sinclair’s Protocol Responsibly

Add 20+ Healthy Years to Your Life

Referenced Sources

Key Takeaways

What is NMN and Why Does it Matter?

Is NMN the Same as Vitamin B3?

Food Sources of NMN Ranked by Content

Health Benefits Associated with NMN

How to Incorporate NMN-Rich Foods into Your Diet

Cooking Methods that Preserve NMN Content

Sample Daily Menu Incorporating NMN Foods

Can You Get Enough NMN from Food Alone?

Add 20+ Healthy Years to Your Life

NMN Supplements: Bridging the Dietary Gap

Beyond Diet: Other Ways to Support NAD+ Levels

Referenced Sources:

Key Takeaways

Recommended NMN Dosage Ranges

Quick Reference NMN Dosage Table

How to Take NMN for the Best Results

Best Time to Take NMN

With or Without Food?

Best Form of NMN

Managing Potential Side Effects of NMN

Why NMN Dosage Varies from Person to Person

NMN Dosing 101: How Much NMN Should You Take?

Referenced Sources:

Key Takeaways

Why NAD+ Is Important for Muscle Function

How NAD+ Works in Muscles

NAD+ Decline and Muscle Aging

NAD+ in Muscle Repair and Recovery

Starting the Repair Process

Providing Energy for Muscle Regeneration

Practical Ways to Boost NAD+

NAD+ Precursor Supplements

Lifestyle Changes

NAD+: Your Muscles’ Best Friend for Life

Referenced Sources

Key Takeaways

What is NMN?

How NMN Works to Create NAD+

NMN’s Benefits: Recent Human Studies (2020-2025)

Physical Performance Benefits

Metabolic Health and Insulin Sensitivity

Anti-Aging and Longevity

Other Notable Improvements

Is It Safe to Take NMN Supplements?

Supplement Safety Note

Potential Side Effects of NMN

Natural Sources of NMN

NMN Dosage Guidelines: How Much Should You Take?

Who Should Not Take NMN?

NMN vs NR (Nicotinamide Riboside)

Is NMN Right for You?

FAQs