{"id":35431,"date":"2025-06-11T11:49:38","date_gmt":"2025-06-11T15:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/?p=35431"},"modified":"2025-06-11T11:49:41","modified_gmt":"2025-06-11T15:49:41","slug":"nad-and-long-covid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/nad-and-long-covid\/","title":{"rendered":"NAD+ and Long COVID: What You Need to Know"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Millions of people who\u2019ve \u201crecovered\u201d from COVID-19 are still dealing with lingering symptoms. This condition, called Long COVID, can affect energy, focus, and overall quality of life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a long time, no one knew why the symptoms just wouldn\u2019t go away. But recent studies are starting to reveal some answers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One clue points to NAD+, a molecule that helps your cells make energy and stay healthy. COVID-19 seems to mess with NAD+ levels, which may trigger inflammation and fatigue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When NAD+ drops, your body struggles to repair itself and fight off stress. That\u2019s why researchers are exploring ways to boost NAD+ to relieve Long COVID symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-md, 2rem);}.kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-bottom:5px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;}.kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:10px;border-top-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-right-radius:10px;border-bottom-left-radius:10px;}.kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col{background-color:rgba(230, 234, 245, 0.35);}.kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-bottom:5px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top:1px solid #000000;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-bottom:5px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column35431_cdec85-dd\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Takeaways<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>COVID-19 can wipe out your NAD+ levels, which your cells need for energy, leaving you drained, foggy, and running on empty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Checking your NAD+ levels helps you know exactly what your body needs instead of just trying random supplements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Taking the right supplements like NMN or NR can give your energy a lift and calm inflammation. It takes time, but it\u2019s a solid step toward feeling better.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Long COVID? (Quick Overview)<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image35431_10a9fd-09 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}.kb-image35431_10a9fd-09 img.kb-img, .kb-image35431_10a9fd-09 .kb-img img{border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image35431_10a9fd-09\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/fusion-medical-animation-rnr8D3FNUNY-unsplash.jpg\" alt=\"Visualization of a coronavirus\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-36392\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/fusion-medical-animation-rnr8D3FNUNY-unsplash.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/fusion-medical-animation-rnr8D3FNUNY-unsplash-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/fusion-medical-animation-rnr8D3FNUNY-unsplash-600x338.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Long COVID is when symptoms stick around long after you\u2019ve recovered from the initial COVID-19 infection.<sup data-fn=\"27373aa9-5458-4e57-9203-8baa6e4ea18f\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"27373aa9-5458-4e57-9203-8baa6e4ea18f-link\" href=\"#27373aa9-5458-4e57-9203-8baa6e4ea18f\">1<\/a><\/sup> Doctors also call it Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, or PASC for short. This simply means \u201clong-lasting effects of COVID.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common complaints are fatigue, brain fog, shortness of breath, and trouble sleeping.<sup data-fn=\"fb68aa1b-8ed6-4eea-b0da-02dfcb6d42d7\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"fb68aa1b-8ed6-4eea-b0da-02dfcb6d42d7-link\" href=\"#fb68aa1b-8ed6-4eea-b0da-02dfcb6d42d7\">2<\/a><\/sup> Some people also experience:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Body aches<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Headaches<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Low exercise tolerance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Issues with the nervous system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">NAD+ Basics: Your Cellular Energy Currency<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/what-is-nad-plus\/\">NAD+<\/a> is a vital molecule found in every cell of your body. It acts as a helper that keeps your cells energized and functioning properly.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its main job is to carry electrons during energy production. One of the key steps it supports is glycolysis, which takes place in the cytosol (the fluid inside your cells).<sup data-fn=\"0e81460e-6dd9-4981-88f5-34131f8a3aaa\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"0e81460e-6dd9-4981-88f5-34131f8a3aaa-link\" href=\"#0e81460e-6dd9-4981-88f5-34131f8a3aaa\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It also powers the TCA cycle (also called the Krebs cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation, both of which occur in the mitochondria.<sup data-fn=\"953a1522-d762-4ae4-bf73-6160b9513fd8\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"953a1522-d762-4ae4-bf73-6160b9513fd8-link\" href=\"#953a1522-d762-4ae4-bf73-6160b9513fd8\">4<\/a><\/sup> Simply put, NAD+ is central to turning food into usable energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But energy production is just part of the story. NAD+ also activates important enzymes like sirtuins, PARPs, and CD38.<sup data-fn=\"3d8e4e1f-7b5f-4125-9900-f2eb61fc3e73\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"3d8e4e1f-7b5f-4125-9900-f2eb61fc3e73-link\" href=\"#3d8e4e1f-7b5f-4125-9900-f2eb61fc3e73\">5<\/a><\/sup> These enzymes help with DNA repair, gene regulation, and stress response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One interesting fact is that NAD+ is compartmentalized inside cells. Different parts like the mitochondria, nucleus, and cytosol have their own NAD+ pools.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each part of the cell uses NAD\u207a a little differently. This setup allows the molecule to multitask and support several vital functions at once.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the mitochondria (your cell\u2019s energy center), NAD\u207a helps convert food into usable energy. In the nucleus, where your DNA is stored, it helps repair damage and regulates gene activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unfortunately, your NAD+ levels naturally decline as you age or if you become ill. When this happens, your body struggles to make energy, fix damage, and respond to stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because of this, low NAD+ has been linked to many chronic diseases. This may explain why some people feel wiped out long after a COVID infection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How COVID-19 Disrupts Your NAD+<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image35431_7d3898-de .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}.kb-image35431_7d3898-de img.kb-img, .kb-image35431_7d3898-de .kb-img img{border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image35431_7d3898-de\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/406.jpg\" alt=\"An image of covid-19 patient receiving a swab\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-35488\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/406.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/406-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When you get hit with COVID-19, your NAD+ levels can drop quickly. The virus hijacks your NAD+ system to help itself replicate.<sup data-fn=\"700cdc32-e6dd-4671-bb55-fb626cc9886d\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"700cdc32-e6dd-4671-bb55-fb626cc9886d-link\" href=\"#700cdc32-e6dd-4671-bb55-fb626cc9886d\">6<\/a><\/sup> It activates enzymes like PARPs, especially PARP1, which use up NAD+ while trying to fight the infection.<sup data-fn=\"7dd695f7-2b1e-431a-98b7-97060d494325\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"7dd695f7-2b1e-431a-98b7-97060d494325-link\" href=\"#7dd695f7-2b1e-431a-98b7-97060d494325\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other enzymes such as PARP9, PARP10, and PARP14 also ramp up. This drains even more NAD+ from your cells and adds extra stress on your supply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among these enzymes, CD38 is a major NAD+ consumer whose activity increases during inflammation.<sup data-fn=\"5afec60a-6b12-41af-ba73-5f412a294883\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"5afec60a-6b12-41af-ba73-5f412a294883-link\" href=\"#5afec60a-6b12-41af-ba73-5f412a294883\">8<\/a><\/sup> When inflammation rises, CD38 goes into overdrive, making the problem worse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As NAD+ gets used up, your cells start running low on energy (ATP). This makes it harder for them to do basic jobs, like keeping you healthy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">COVID also disrupts your NAD+ recycling system.<sup data-fn=\"1c12a3bc-799e-47af-a1ff-b51fa40c0582\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"1c12a3bc-799e-47af-a1ff-b51fa40c0582-link\" href=\"#1c12a3bc-799e-47af-a1ff-b51fa40c0582\">9<\/a><\/sup> It overstimulates some pathways while shutting down others. As a result, your body can\u2019t make NAD+ fast enough to keep up with the demand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, helpful enzymes like SIRT1 get suppressed. This makes it harder for your body to control inflammation and recover from stress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The more severe the infection, the more your NAD+ levels tend to crash. This creates a vicious cycle. Low energy and high inflammation feed off each other, making recovery feel like an uphill battle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">NAD+ Deficiency in Long COVID Patients<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image35431_28059a-a9 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}.kb-image35431_28059a-a9 img.kb-img, .kb-image35431_28059a-a9 .kb-img img{border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image35431_28059a-a9\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/411.jpg\" alt=\"A woman in a face mask outdoors\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-35491\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/411.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/411-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Studies show that people with Long COVID often have low levels of NAD+.<sup data-fn=\"5dc4b4cc-581a-4297-9189-96f3ac216b53\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"5dc4b4cc-581a-4297-9189-96f3ac216b53-link\" href=\"#5dc4b4cc-581a-4297-9189-96f3ac216b53\">10<\/a><\/sup> That drop could explain a lot of the lingering symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NAD+ is what your cells use to make energy. When you don\u2019t have enough, your cells, especially in the brain, muscles, and blood vessels, can\u2019t work like they should.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here\u2019s how low NAD+ connects to common Long COVID symptoms:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fatigue<\/strong> \u2013 Without enough NAD+, your cells can\u2019t make enough ATP (energy), so you feel exhausted all the time even after rest. This kind of fatigue is one of the most common and frustrating symptoms people report.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Brain fog<\/strong> \u2013 Your brain runs on energy, and it needs a lot to think clearly and stay sharp. When NAD+ is low, brain cells don\u2019t get enough fuel, and they\u2019re more likely to get inflamed. That mix can leave you foggy, forgetful, and mentally drained.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Exercise intolerance<\/strong> \u2013 Muscles rely on NAD+ to produce energy during activity. When it\u2019s not there, your body can\u2019t keep up. Even light exercise can leave you wiped out or make your symptoms worse afterward.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Low NAD+ doesn\u2019t just drain energy. It weakens your blood vessels, too.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The cells lining your blood vessels (endothelium) depend on NAD+ to stay healthy.<sup data-fn=\"180283cc-009e-4934-94f3-1941a5d335bc\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"180283cc-009e-4934-94f3-1941a5d335bc-link\" href=\"#180283cc-009e-4934-94f3-1941a5d335bc\">11<\/a><\/sup> Without it, circulation and oxygen delivery suffer, which only makes energy problems worse throughout the body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because NAD+ supports every cell in your body, this shortage helps explain why Long COVID symptoms can feel so widespread. It\u2019s not \u201cjust in your head\u201d\u2014your cells really are struggling to keep up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Therapeutic Potential of NAD+ Supplementation<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image35431_84a48c-17 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}.kb-image35431_84a48c-17 img.kb-img, .kb-image35431_84a48c-17 .kb-img img{border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image35431_84a48c-17\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/407-1.jpg\" alt=\"An image of supplement capsules next to a lemon\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-35492\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/407-1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/407-1-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Long COVID drains your NAD+ levels. That messes with your cells\u2019 ability to make energy and repair themselves. So it makes sense that raising NAD+ levels could help fix the problem at its root.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Early research backs this up. NAD+ precursors like nicotinamide riboside (NR), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/what-is-nmn\/\">nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)<\/a>, and nicotinamide (NAM) have shown promise in lab and animal studies. They help protect cells, support mitochondria, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/oxidative-stress\/\">reduce oxidative stress<\/a>\u2014some of the same issues seen in Long COVID.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These compounds give your body the raw materials it needs to make more NAD+. That helps your cells recover, produce more energy, and work better overall. You can take them as supplements or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/what-is-nad-iv-therapy\/\">consider NAD IV therapy<\/a> if you want faster effects.<sup data-fn=\"4cafdde9-27fd-4843-a245-7d25da426d3e\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"4cafdde9-27fd-4843-a245-7d25da426d3e-link\" href=\"#4cafdde9-27fd-4843-a245-7d25da426d3e\">12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One small study published in <em>Elsevier<\/em> tested a combo of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) and NAD+ patches in people with Long COVID. About half the participants reported better energy and quality of life, with few side effects.<sup data-fn=\"afba15b6-15c6-4ab9-bd93-42d68be9d7e1\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"afba15b6-15c6-4ab9-bd93-42d68be9d7e1-link\" href=\"#afba15b6-15c6-4ab9-bd93-42d68be9d7e1\">13<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s not a cure, and bigger studies are still needed. But it\u2019s a promising lead, especially when few other options are available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Restoring NAD+ won\u2019t fix everything overnight. Still, it targets one of the root problems behind Long COVID symptoms, and that makes it worth exploring.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Testing and Treatment: A Solution-Oriented Approach<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image35431_b8ed3c-dd .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}.kb-image35431_b8ed3c-dd img.kb-img, .kb-image35431_b8ed3c-dd .kb-img img{border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image35431_b8ed3c-dd\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/408-1.jpg\" alt=\"An image of blood test results and blood vials\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-35493\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/408-1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/408-1-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When symptoms show up, guessing isn\u2019t good enough. The right tests and targeted treatments can finally give you answers and a real path forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Test NAD+ Levels?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NAD+ naturally drops as you get older.<sup data-fn=\"37949444-dc88-4b97-9245-1fe9b0946331\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"37949444-dc88-4b97-9245-1fe9b0946331-link\" href=\"#37949444-dc88-4b97-9245-1fe9b0946331\">14<\/a><\/sup> But how much it drops depends on your lifestyle, health, and stress levels.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Testing takes the guesswork out. It shows if what you\u2019re doing is actually helping or if you\u2019re just spinning your wheels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That\u2019s where a simple at-home test can really help. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/product\/intracellular-nad-test\/\">Jinfiniti\u2019s Intracellular NAD\u00ae Test<\/a> measures how much NAD\u207a is actually inside your cells, so you can see what your body needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s also the first clinically certified test of its kind. That means the results are reliable and useful, not just vague numbers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you\u2019re always tired, recovering from illness, or trying to stay sharp, this test gives you a solid baseline. You\u2019ll know what your body actually needs, instead of guessing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No more blindly <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/best-nad-supplements\/\">taking NAD supplements<\/a> and hoping for the best. The test helps you take a targeted approach, not a \u201cmore is better\u201d one. That means no more wasted time, money, or effort on treatments that don\u2019t move the needle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Boosting NAD+ Levels<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once you know your NAD+ levels are low, the next step is to raise them back up. Supplements like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/nmn-and-nr\/\">NMN and NR<\/a> help your body make more NAD+ naturally.<sup data-fn=\"b44934e3-dd38-42f3-bf56-71d5fa3cd137\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"b44934e3-dd38-42f3-bf56-71d5fa3cd137-link\" href=\"#b44934e3-dd38-42f3-bf56-71d5fa3cd137\">15<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But not everyone reacts the same to NAD+ supplements. That\u2019s why testing first is key. Jinfiniti calls this approach \u201cTest, Act, Optimize\u201d (TAO):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Test: <\/strong>Check your NAD+ levels and related markers to understand your starting point.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Act: <\/strong>Take the right type and dose of supplements based on your test results and personal factors.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Optimize: <\/strong>Retest regularly to see how you\u2019re responding and adjust your plan as needed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It\u2019s not an instant fix. Most people start feeling more energy, focus, and quicker recovery after about 6 to 8 weeks. Your body needs time to rebuild from the inside out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The goal isn\u2019t just higher NAD+ numbers. It\u2019s about feeling more like yourself, or even better. With the right plan, you stop guessing and start seeing real results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Supporting Your Recovery<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image35431_010afa-f8 .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}.kb-image35431_010afa-f8 img.kb-img, .kb-image35431_010afa-f8 .kb-img img{border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image35431_010afa-f8\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/409.jpg\" alt=\"An image of long covid patient recovering\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-35494\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/409.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/409-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/nad-supplement-benefits\/\">NAD+ supplements<\/a> work best when they\u2019re part of a bigger recovery plan, not a stand-alone fix.<sup data-fn=\"672eb297-0f6e-4af2-9c69-83c5ee281471\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"672eb297-0f6e-4af2-9c69-83c5ee281471-link\" href=\"#672eb297-0f6e-4af2-9c69-83c5ee281471\">16<\/a><\/sup> That means looking at the full picture: your energy systems, immune health, and how your body\u2019s responding day to day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Simple lifestyle changes can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/increase-nad-levels\/\">boost your NAD+ levels naturally<\/a> and help your cells recover faster. Here are some key strategies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Balanced nutrition:<\/strong> Eating a variety of whole foods gives your cells the nutrients they need to produce NAD+ and stay healthy.<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regular, paced movement: <\/strong>Gentle exercise improves mitochondrial function without wearing you out. It helps your body rebuild energy efficiently.<sup data-fn=\"286399d1-a60d-48b3-b2c0-be4389776332\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"286399d1-a60d-48b3-b2c0-be4389776332-link\" href=\"#286399d1-a60d-48b3-b2c0-be4389776332\">17<\/a><\/sup><br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stress management:<\/strong> Keeping stress in check lowers inflammation and supports your cells\u2019 ability to recover and function well.<sup data-fn=\"3674ed03-44c0-45b7-b063-bb9ae032df83\" class=\"fn\"><a id=\"3674ed03-44c0-45b7-b063-bb9ae032df83-link\" href=\"#3674ed03-44c0-45b7-b063-bb9ae032df83\">18<\/a><\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And while restoring NAD+ can help, it\u2019s not a silver bullet. Most people will need a combination of therapies, like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/practices-support-healthy-mitochondria\/\">mitochondrial support<\/a>, inflammation control, and lifestyle changes, to really move the needle. But tackling <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/nad-deficiency-symptoms\/\">NAD+ deficiency<\/a> is a smart place to start.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since no two cases of Long COVID look exactly the same, there\u2019s no one-size-fits-all solution. That\u2019s why a personalized approach based on your health history, age, and how your symptoms show up can lead to better outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As research evolves, we\u2019ll likely see more ways to match the right NAD+ strategy to the right person. Until then, tuning in to how your body responds and working with a provider who can guide adjustments can make a huge difference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Takeaway<\/h2>\n\n\n<style>.kb-image35431_e2b8a0-2f .kb-image-has-overlay:after{opacity:0.3;border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}.kb-image35431_e2b8a0-2f img.kb-img, .kb-image35431_e2b8a0-2f .kb-img img{border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-image kb-image35431_e2b8a0-2f\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"337\" src=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/412.jpg\" alt=\"An image of woman in a face mask outdoors\" class=\"kb-img wp-image-35495\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/412.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/412-480x270.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Still feeling drained long after COVID? That lingering fatigue, brain fog, and low stamina could be your body\u2019s way of signaling low <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jinfiniti.com\/blog\/nad-levels-by-age\/\">NAD+ levels<\/a>, a vital molecule your cells need for energy and repair.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When NAD+ runs low, your body can\u2019t make enough energy or bounce back from stress. It\u2019s like trying to run on a dead battery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That\u2019s why testing your NAD+ levels is gaining traction. It gives you a clear picture of what\u2019s happening inside your cells. If your levels are low, targeted supplements might help get you back on track.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This isn\u2019t some overnight fix, but it\u2019s a solid, science-backed step. For a lot of people, it\u2019s been a game-changer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you\u2019re tired of feeling stuck, it might be time to stop guessing. A quick at-home test can point you in the right direction, so you can start feeling more like yourself again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And remember, it\u2019s important to talk with a healthcare provider about your results and the best next steps. They can help tailor your plan so you\u2019re not just guessing and start feeling more like yourself again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remember, recovery is a journey. Small, consistent steps based on your unique biology can help you regain energy and clarity, one day at a time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Referenced Sources: <\/h2>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li id=\"27373aa9-5458-4e57-9203-8baa6e4ea18f\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-024-03173-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-024-03173-6<\/a> <a href=\"#27373aa9-5458-4e57-9203-8baa6e4ea18f-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"fb68aa1b-8ed6-4eea-b0da-02dfcb6d42d7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2589537021002996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2589537021002996<\/a> <a href=\"#fb68aa1b-8ed6-4eea-b0da-02dfcb6d42d7-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 2\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"0e81460e-6dd9-4981-88f5-34131f8a3aaa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41392-020-00311-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41392-020-00311-7<\/a> <a href=\"#0e81460e-6dd9-4981-88f5-34131f8a3aaa-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 3\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"953a1522-d762-4ae4-bf73-6160b9513fd8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/krebs-cycle\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/krebs-cycle<\/a> <a href=\"#953a1522-d762-4ae4-bf73-6160b9513fd8-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 4\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"3d8e4e1f-7b5f-4125-9900-f2eb61fc3e73\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8261484\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8261484\/<\/a> <a href=\"#3d8e4e1f-7b5f-4125-9900-f2eb61fc3e73-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 5\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"700cdc32-e6dd-4671-bb55-fb626cc9886d\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10899445\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10899445\/<\/a> <a href=\"#700cdc32-e6dd-4671-bb55-fb626cc9886d-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 6\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"7dd695f7-2b1e-431a-98b7-97060d494325\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1471490622000254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1471490622000254<\/a> <a href=\"#7dd695f7-2b1e-431a-98b7-97060d494325-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 7\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"5afec60a-6b12-41af-ba73-5f412a294883\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8917930\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8917930\/<\/a> <a href=\"#5afec60a-6b12-41af-ba73-5f412a294883-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 8\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"1c12a3bc-799e-47af-a1ff-b51fa40c0582\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11768799\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11768799\/<\/a> <a href=\"#1c12a3bc-799e-47af-a1ff-b51fa40c0582-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 9\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"5dc4b4cc-581a-4297-9189-96f3ac216b53\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/trends\/immunology\/fulltext\/S1471-4906(22)00025-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cell.com\/trends\/immunology\/fulltext\/S1471-4906(22)00025-4<\/a> <a href=\"#5dc4b4cc-581a-4297-9189-96f3ac216b53-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 10\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"180283cc-009e-4934-94f3-1941a5d335bc\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9952603\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9952603\/<\/a> <a href=\"#180283cc-009e-4934-94f3-1941a5d335bc-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 11\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"4cafdde9-27fd-4843-a245-7d25da426d3e\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9234841\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9234841\/<\/a> <a href=\"#4cafdde9-27fd-4843-a245-7d25da426d3e-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 12\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"afba15b6-15c6-4ab9-bd93-42d68be9d7e1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10862402\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10862402\/<\/a> <a href=\"#afba15b6-15c6-4ab9-bd93-42d68be9d7e1-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 13\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"37949444-dc88-4b97-9245-1fe9b0946331\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056589\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056589<\/a> <a href=\"#37949444-dc88-4b97-9245-1fe9b0946331-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 14\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"b44934e3-dd38-42f3-bf56-71d5fa3cd137\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2090123221001491\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2090123221001491<\/a> <a href=\"#b44934e3-dd38-42f3-bf56-71d5fa3cd137-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 15\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"672eb297-0f6e-4af2-9c69-83c5ee281471\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10692436\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10692436\/<\/a> <a href=\"#672eb297-0f6e-4af2-9c69-83c5ee281471-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 16\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"286399d1-a60d-48b3-b2c0-be4389776332\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/physiology\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.660068\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/physiology\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.660068\/full<\/a> <a href=\"#286399d1-a60d-48b3-b2c0-be4389776332-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 17\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><li id=\"3674ed03-44c0-45b7-b063-bb9ae032df83\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5476783\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5476783\/<\/a> <a href=\"#3674ed03-44c0-45b7-b063-bb9ae032df83-link\" aria-label=\"Jump to footnote reference 18\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Millions of people who\u2019ve \u201crecovered\u201d from COVID-19 are still dealing with lingering symptoms. This condition, called Long COVID, can affect energy, focus, and overall quality of life. For a long time, no one knew why the symptoms just wouldn\u2019t go away. But recent studies are starting to reveal some answers. One clue points to NAD+, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10909,"featured_media":36388,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-024-03173-6\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41591-024-03173-6<\/a>\",\"id\":\"27373aa9-5458-4e57-9203-8baa6e4ea18f\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2589537021002996\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2589537021002996<\/a>\",\"id\":\"fb68aa1b-8ed6-4eea-b0da-02dfcb6d42d7\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41392-020-00311-7\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41392-020-00311-7<\/a>\",\"id\":\"0e81460e-6dd9-4981-88f5-34131f8a3aaa\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/krebs-cycle\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/krebs-cycle<\/a>\",\"id\":\"953a1522-d762-4ae4-bf73-6160b9513fd8\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8261484\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8261484\/<\/a>\",\"id\":\"3d8e4e1f-7b5f-4125-9900-f2eb61fc3e73\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10899445\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10899445\/<\/a>\",\"id\":\"700cdc32-e6dd-4671-bb55-fb626cc9886d\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1471490622000254\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1471490622000254<\/a>\",\"id\":\"7dd695f7-2b1e-431a-98b7-97060d494325\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8917930\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8917930\/<\/a>\",\"id\":\"5afec60a-6b12-41af-ba73-5f412a294883\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11768799\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11768799\/<\/a>\",\"id\":\"1c12a3bc-799e-47af-a1ff-b51fa40c0582\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/trends\/immunology\/fulltext\/S1471-4906(22)00025-4\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/www.cell.com\/trends\/immunology\/fulltext\/S1471-4906(22)00025-4<\/a>\",\"id\":\"5dc4b4cc-581a-4297-9189-96f3ac216b53\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9952603\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9952603\/<\/a>\",\"id\":\"180283cc-009e-4934-94f3-1941a5d335bc\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9234841\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9234841\/<\/a>\",\"id\":\"4cafdde9-27fd-4843-a245-7d25da426d3e\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10862402\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10862402\/<\/a>\",\"id\":\"afba15b6-15c6-4ab9-bd93-42d68be9d7e1\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056589\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/www.ahajournals.org\/doi\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056589<\/a>\",\"id\":\"37949444-dc88-4b97-9245-1fe9b0946331\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2090123221001491\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2090123221001491<\/a>\",\"id\":\"b44934e3-dd38-42f3-bf56-71d5fa3cd137\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10692436\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10692436\/<\/a>\",\"id\":\"672eb297-0f6e-4af2-9c69-83c5ee281471\"},{\"content\":\"<a href=\\\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/physiology\/articles\/10.3389\/fphys.2021.660068\/full\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer 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